References
  -  P.K. Swamee, A.K. Sharma, Design of Water Supply Pipe Networks.
    John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2008. 
-  J. Kennedy, R.C. Eberhart, Particle swarm optimization. In
    Neural Networks. Proceedings IEEE International
    Conference on (Perth, WA 1995), 1995, pp. 1942–1948. 
-  J. Kennedy, R.C. Eberhart, A discrete binary version of the particle
    swarm algorithm. In 1997 IEEE International Conference
    on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Computational Cybernetics
    and Simulation, Orlando, FL, 1997, pp. 4104–4108. 
-  D.E.G. Trigueros, A.N. Módenes, M.A.S.S. Ravagnani, F.R. Spinoza-Quiñones, Reuse water network synthesis by modified
    PSO approach. Chem. Eng. J., 183(15) (2012) 198–211. 
-  M.A.S.S. Ravagnani, D.E.G. Trigueros, A.N. Módenos, F.R.
    Spinoza-Quiñones, Synthesis of reuse water networks by PSO
    approach. LNCS, 8790 (2014) 282–294. 
-  C.R. Suribabu, T.R. Neelakantan, Design of water distribution
    networks using particle swarm optimization. Urban Water J.,
    3(2) (2006) 111–120. 
-  E. Alperovits, U. Shamir, Design of optimal water distribution
    systems. Water Resour. Res., 13 (6) (1977) 885–900. 
-  O. Fujiwara, D.B. Khang, A two-phase decomposition method
    for optimal design of looped water distribution networks.
    Water Resour. Res., 26(4) (1990) 539–549. 
-  D.A. Savic, G.A. Walters, Genetic algorithms for least-cost
    design of water distribution networks. J. Water Resour. Plann.
    Manage., 123(2) (1997) 67–77. 
-  M.C. Cunha, J. Sousa, Water distribution network design optimization:
    Simulated annealing approach. J. Water Resour.
    Plann. Manage., 125(4) (1999) 215–221. 
-  S.Y. Liong, M. Atiquzzaman, Optimal design of water distribution
    network using shuffled complex evolution. J. Inst. Eng.
    Singapore, 44(1) (2004) 93–107. 
-  M.M. Eusuff, K.E. Lansey, Optimization of water distribution
    network design using the shuffled frog leaping algorithm. J.
    Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 129(3) (2003), 210–225. 
-  I. Montalvo, J. Izquierdo, R. Pérez, M.M. Tung, Particle swarm
    optimization applied to the design of water supply systems.
    CAMWA, 56(3) (2008) 769–776. 
-  J.C. Schaake, D. Lai, Linear programming and dynamic programming
    applications to water distribution network design.
    Report 116, Department of Civil Engineering, M.I.T. Hydrodynamics
    Laboratory, 1969. 
-  R. Ezzeldin, B. Djebedjian, T. Saafan, Integer discrete particle
    swarm optimization of water distribution networks. J. Pipeline
    Syst. Eng. Pract., 5(1) (2014) 04013013–1 04013013–11. 
-  M.S. Kadu, R. Gupta, P.R. Bhave, Optimal design of water networks
    using a modified genetic algorithm with reduction in
    search space. J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 134(2) (2008)
    147–160. 
-  X. Qi, K. Li, W.D. Potter, Estimation of distribution algorithm
    enhanced particle swarm optimization for water distribution
    network optimization. Front Env. Sci. Eng., 10(2) (2016) 341–351. 
-  J. Reca, J. Martínez, Genetic algorithms for the design of
    looped irrigation water distribution networks. Water Resour.
    Res., 42(5) (2006) W05416–1 W05416–9. 
-  D.F. Surco, T.P.B. Vecchi, M.A.S.S. Ravagnani, Optimization
    of water distribution networks using a modified particle
    swarm optimization algorithm. Water Sci. Tech-W Sup., 17(3)
    (2017). 
-  H.P. Gomes, S.T.M. Bezerra, P.S.O. Carvalho, M.M. Salvino,
    Optimal dimensioning model of water distribution systems.
    Water SA, 35(4) (2009) 421–431. 
-  K.E. Lansey, L.W. Mays, Optimization model for water distribution
    system design. J. Hydraul. Eng., 115(10) (1989) 1401–1418. 
-  C.R. Suribabu, T.R. Neelakantan, Optimal upgradation and
    expansion of existing water distribution networks using differential
    evolution algorithm. AJAS, 7(6) (2014) 375–390. 
-  R. Gupta, N. Kakwani, L. Ormsbee, Optimal upgrading of
    water distribution network redundancy. J. Water Resour.
    Plann. Manage., 141(1) (2014) 04014043 1–04014043 11. 
-  A. De Corte, K. Sörensen, An iterated local search algorithm
    for water distribution network design optimization. Networks,
    67(3) (2016) 187–198. 
-  R. Raoni, A.R. Secchi, E.C. Biscaia, Novel method for looped
    pipeline network resolution. Comput. Chem. Eng., 96(4) (2017)
    169–182. 
-  L.A. Rossman, EPANET 2 Users Manual. Enviromental Protection
    Agency, Cincinnati, 2000. 
-  Y. Shi, R.C. Eberhart, A modified particle swarm optimizer. In
    1998 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation
    Proceedings (Anchorage, AK 1998), IEEE Xplore Digital
    Library, 69–73. 
-  M. Shrivatava, V. Prasad, R. Khare, Multi-objective optimization
    of water distribution system using particle swarm optimization.
    IOSR-JMCE, 12(6) (2015), 21–28. 
-  J. Gessler, Pipe network optimization by enumeration. Comput.
    Applic. Water Resour. (1985) 572–581. 
-  A.R. Simpson, G.C. Dandy, L.J. Murphy, Genetic algorithms
    compared to other techniques for pipe optimization. J. Water
    Resour. Plann. Manage., 120(4) (1994) 423–443. 
-  M.C. Cunha, L. Ribeiro, Tabu search algorithms for water network
    optimization. Eur. J. Oper. Res., 157(3) (2004) 746–758. 
-  L.J. Murphy, A.R. Simpson, G.C. Dandy, Pipe network optimization
    using an improved genetic algorithm. Research Rep.
    No. R109. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
    University of Adelaide, 1993. 
-  M. Van Dijk, S.J. Van Vuuren, J.E. Van Zyl, Optimising water
    distribution systems using a weighted penalty in a genetic
    algorithm. Water SA, 34(5) (2008) 537–548. 
-  Z.W. Geem, Particle-swarm harmony search for water network
    design. Eng. Optimiz., 41(4) (2009) 297–311. 
-  X. Zhou, D.Y. Gao, A.R. Simpson, Optimal design of water
    distribution networks by a discrete state transition algorithm.
	  Eng. Optimiz., 48(4) (2016) 603–628.