References
  -  M.R. Singh, A. Gupta, Water Pollution Sources: Effects and
    Control, Pointer Publishers, Jaipur, 2016. 
 
  -  S.S. Vieira, Z.M. Magriotis, N.A.V. Santos, M.d.G. Cardoso,
    A.A. Saczk, Macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) cake from
    biodiesel processing: an efficient and low cost substrate for
    the adsorption of dyes, Chem. Eng. J., 183 (2012) 152–161. 
 
  -  K.A. Adegoke, O.S. Bello, Dye sequestration using agricultural
    wastes as adsorbents, Water Resour. Ind., 12 (2015) 8–24. 
 
  -  A. Ashfaq, A. Khatoon, Waste management of textiles:
    a solution to the environmental pollution, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol.
    Appl. Sci., 3 (2014) 780–787. 
 
  -  N. Mohan, N. Balasubramanian, C.A. Basha, Electrochemical
    oxidation of textile wastewater and its reuse, J. Hazard. Mater.,
    147 (2007) 644–651. 
 
  -  H.-L. Kim, J.-B. Cho, Y.J. Park, I.H. Cho, Treatment and
    toxicity reduction of textile dyeing wastewater using the
    electrocoagulation-electroflotation process, J. Environ. Sci.
    Health., Part A Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 8 (2016)
    661–668. 
 
  -  S. Meric, H. Selcuk, V. Belgiorno, Acute toxicity removal in
    textile finishing wastewater by Fenton’s oxidation: ozone
    and coagulation–flocculation processes, Water Res., 39 (2005)
    1147–1153. 
 
  -  M. Vinuth, H.S. Bhojya Naik, B.M. Vinoda, S.M. Pradeepa,
    A.G. Kumar, K.G. Sekhar, Rapid removal of hazardous rose
    bengal dye using Fe(III)–montmorillonite as an effective
    adsorbent in aqueous solution, J. Environ. Anal. Toxicol.,
    6 (2016) 1–7. 
 
  -  L. Rizzo, H. Selcuk, A.D. Nikolaou, S.M. Pagano, V. Belgiorno,
    A comparative evaluation of ozonation and heterogeneous
    photocatalytic oxidation processes for reuse of secondary treated
    urban wastewater, Desal. Water Treat., 52 (2014) 1414–1421. 
 
  -  M.K. Nizam Mahmad, M. Remy Rozainy, M.A.Z. Ismail
    Abustan, N. Baharun, Electrocoagulation process by using
    aluminium and stainless steel electrodes to treat total chromium,
    colour and turbidity, Procedia Chem., 19 (2016) 681–688. 
 
  -  M.C. Somase Kharara Reddy, V. Nirmala, Bengal gram seed
    husk as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous
    solutions – equilibrium studies, Arabian J. Chem., 9 (2013)
    1695–1706. 
 
  -  R. Malik, D.S. Ramteke, S.R. Wate, Adsorption of malachite
    green on groundnut shell waste based powdered activated
    carbon, Waste Manage., 27 (2007) 1129–1138. 
 
  -  T. Robinson, G. McMullan, R. Marchant, P. Nigam, Remediation
    of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment
    technologies with a proposed alternative, Bioresour. Technol.,
    77 (2001) 247–255. 
 
  -  A. Bhatnagar, M. Sillanpãã, A. Witek-Krowiak, Agricultural
    waste peels as versatile biomass for water purification, Chem.
    Eng. J., 270 (2015) 244–271. 
 
  -  R.K. Gautm, A. Mudhoo, G. Lofrano, M.C. Chattopadhyaya,
    Biomass-derived biosorbents for metal ions sequestration:
    adsorbent modification and activation methods and adsorbent
    regeneration, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2 (2014) 239–259. 
 
  -  S. De Gisi, G. Lofrano, M. Grassi, M. Notarnicola, Characteristics
    and adsorption capacities of low-cost sorbents for watewater
    treatment, Sustainable Mater. Technol., 9 (2016) 10–40. 
 
  -  J.F. Duarte Neto, I.D.S. Pereira, V.C. da Silva, H.C. Ferreira,
    G.d.A. Neves, R.R. Menezes, Study of equilibrium and kinetic
    adsorption of Rhodamine B onto purified bentonite clays,
    Cerâmica, 64 (2018) 598–607. 
 
  -  G. Cinelli, F. Cuomo, L. Ambrosone, M. Colella, A. Ceglie,
    F. Venditti, F. Lopez, Photocatalytic degradation of a model
    textile dye using carbon-doped titanium dioxide and visible
    light, J. Water Process. Eng., 20 (2017) 71–77. 
 
  -  D. Tan, B. Bai, D. Jiang, L. Shi, S. Cheng, D. Tao, S. Ji, Rhodamine
    B induces long nucleoplasmic bridges and other nuclear
    anomalies in Allium cepa root tip cells, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.
    Int., 21 (2014) 3363–3370. 
 
  -  F. López Arbeloa, A. Costela, I. López Arbeloa, Molecular
    structure effects on the lasing properties of Rhodamines,
    J. Photochem. Photobiol., A, 55 (1990) 97–103. 
 
  -  M.V. Lopez-Ramon, F. Stoeckli, C. Moreno-Castilla, F. Carrasco-Marinn, On the characterization of acidic and basic surface
    sites on carbons by various techniques, Carbon, 37 (1999)
    1215–1221. 
 
  -  N. Marnier, J. Dumonceau, J. Chupeau, F. Fromage, Etude
    expérimentale et modélisation de la sorption des ions
    lanthanides trivalents sur l’hématite, C.R. Acad. Sci., 317 (1993)
    311–317. 
 
  -  N. Marnier, A. Delisée, F. Fromage, Surface complexation
    modelling of Yb(III) an Cs(I) sorption on silica, J. Colloid
    Interface Sci., 212 (1999) 228–233. 
 
  -  H. Yang, R. Yan, D.H. Lee, C. Zheng, Characteristics of
    hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis, Fuel, 86 (2007)
    1781–1788. 
 
  -  E. Raymundo-Pinero, P. Azaϊs, T. Cacciaguerra, D. Cazorla-Amoro, A. Linares-Solano, F. Béguin, KOH and NaOH
    activation mechanisms of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with
    different structural organisation, Carbon, 43 (2005) 786–795. 
 
  -  O.S. Bello, E.O. Alabi, K.A. Adegoke, S.A. Adegboyega,
    A.A. Inyinbor, A.O. Dada, Rhodamine B dye sequestration
    using Gmelina aborea leaf powder, Heliyon, 5 (2019) 02872 1–12,
    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02872. 
 
  -  N. Marmier, J. Dumonceau, J. Chupeau, F. Fromage, Modeling
    of Yb(III) sorption on kaolinite by using single oxide, C.R. Acad.
    Sci., 318 (1994) 177–183. 
 
  -  N. Marmier, J. Dumonceau, J. Chupeau, F. Fromage,
    Comparative study of trivalent lanthanide ions sorption
    on hématite and goethite, C.R. Acad. Sci., 317 (1993) 1561–1567. 
 
  -  F. Ahnert, H.A. Arafat, N.G. Pinto, A study of the influence
    of hydrophobicity of activated carbon on the adsorption
    equilibrium of aromatics in non-aqueous media, Adsorption,
    9 (2003) 311–319. 
 
  -  A. Ozer, G. Dursun, Removal of methylene blue from aqueous
    solution by dehydrated wheat bran carbon, J. Hazard.
    Mater., 146 (2007) 262–269. 
 
  -  J. Sahar, A. Naeem, M. Farooq, S. Zareen, F.S. Sherazi, Kinetic
    studies of graphene oxide towards the removal of Rhodamine
    B and congo red, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 99 (2019) 1–14,
    doi: 10.1080/03067319.2019.1679802. 
 
  -  R. Khalighi Sheshdeh, M.R.N. Khosravi, K. Badii, N.Y. Limaee,
    G. Golkarnarenji, Equilibrium and kinetics studies for the
    adsorption of Basic Red 46 on nickel oxide nanoparticlesmodified
    diatomite in aqueous solutions, J. Taiwan Inst.
    Chem. Eng., 45 (2014) 1792–1802. 
 
  -  H. Ali, S.K. Muhammad, Biosorption of Crystal violet
    from water on leaf biomass of Calotropis procera, J. Environ.
    Sci. Technol., 1 (2008) 143–150. 
 
  -  P. Senthil Kumar, S. Ramalingam, C. Senthamarai,
    M. Niranjanaa, P. Vijayalakshmi, S. Sivanesan, Adsorption
    of dye from aqueous solution by cashew nut shell: studies
    on equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of
    interactions, Desalination, 261 (2010) 52–60. 
 
  -  M.-F. Hou, C.-X. Mac, W.-D. Zhang, X.-Y. Tang, Y.-N. Fan,
    H.-F. Wan, Removal of Rhodamine B using iron-pillared
    bentonite, J. Hazard. Mater., 186 (2011) 1118–1123. 
 
  -  Y. Goto, Y. Nema, K. Matsuoka, Removal of Zwitterionic
    Rhodamine B using foam separation, J. Oleo Sci., 69 (2020)
    563–567. 
 
  -  V.S. Nguyen, K.C. Dang, Removal of Rhodamine B from
    aqueous solution via adsorption onto microwave activated rice
    husk ash, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 38 (2017) 216–222. 
 
  -  E.K.G. Guechi, Equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism for the
    removal of Rhodamine B by adsorption on Okoume (Aucoumea
    klaineana) sawdust from aqueous media, Desal. Water Treat.,
    94 (2017) 164–173. 
 
  -  C. Namasivayam, R.T. Yamuna, Removal of Rhodamine-B
    by biogas waste slurry from aqueous solution, Water Air Soil
    Pollut., 65 (1992) 101–109. 
 
  -  H. Lata, S. Mor, V.K. Garg, R.K. Gupta, Removal of a dye
    from simulated wastewater by adsorption using treated
    parthenium biomass, J. Hazard. Mater., 153 (2008) 213–220. 
 
  -  T. Smitha, T. Santhi, A.L. Prasad, S. Manonmani, Cucumis
    sativus used as adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous
    solution, Arabian J. Chem., 10 (2017) S244–S251. 
 
  -  J. Shah, M.R. Jan, A. Haq, Y. Khan, Removal of Rhodamine
    B from aqueous solutions and wastewater by walnut shells,
    Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 7 (2013) 428–436. 
 
  -  D. Sarkar, D.K. Chattoraj, Activation parameters for kinetics
    of protein at silica–water interface, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,
    157 (1999) 1179–1204. 
 
  -  F.C. Wu, R.L. Tseng, R.S. Juang, Kinetics of colour removal by
    adsorption from water using activated clay, Environ. Technol.,
    22 (2001) 721–729. 
 
  -  H.M.H. Gad, A.A. El-Sayed, Activated carbon from agricultural
    by-products for the removal of Rhodamine-B from aqueous
    solution, J. Hazard. Mater., 168 (2009) 1070–1081. 
 
  -  G. Crini, H.N. Peindy, F. Gimbert, C. Robert, Removal of CI
    Basic Green 4 (Malachite Green) from aqueous solutions by
    adsorption using cyclodextrin based adsorbent: kinetic and
    equilibrium studies, Sep. Purif. Technol., 53 (2007) 97–110. 
 
  -  Z. Zeng, X. Tan, Y. Liu, S. Tian, G. Zeng, L. Jiang, S. Liu, J. Li, N.
    Liu, Z. Yin, Comprehensive adsorption studies of doxycycline
    and ciprofloxacin antibiotics by biochars prepared at different
    temperatures, Front. Chem., 6 (2018) 1–11, doi: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00080. 
 
  -  M.T. Yagub, T.K. Sen, S. Afroze, H.M. Ang, Dye and its removal
    from aqueous solution by adsorption, Adv. Colloid Interface
    Sci., 209 (2014) 172–184. 
 
  -  K. Xia, Y. Guo, Q. Shao, Q. Zan, R. Bai, Removal of Mercury(II)
    by EDTA-functionalized magnetic CoFe2O4@SiO2 nanomaterial
    with core-shell structure, Nanomaterials, 9 (2019) 1–23, doi:
  10.3390/nano9111532. 
 
  -  Z. Zhang, K. Xia, Z. Pan, C. Yang, X. Wang, G. Zhana, Y. Guo,
    R. Bai, Removal of mercury by magnetic nanomaterial with
    bifunctional groups and core-shell structure: synthesis,
    characterization and optimization of adsorption parameters,
    Appl. Surf. Sci., 500 (2020) 1–14, doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143970. 
 
  -  C.H. Giles, D. Smith, A. Huiston, A general treatment and
    classification of the solute adsorption isotherm, J. Colloid
    Interface Sci., 47 (1974) 755–765. 
 
  -  C.H. Giles, T.H. Mac Ewan, S.N. Nakhwa, D. Smith, A system
    of classification of solution adsorption isotherms, and its use
    in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and in measurement
    of specific surface areas of solids, Stud. Adsorpt., 11 (1960)
    3973–3993. 
 
  -  V. Vimonses, S.M. Lei, B. Jin, C.W.K. Chowd, C. Saint, Kinetic
    study and equilibrium isotherm analysis of Congo Red
    adsorption by clay materials, Chem. Eng. J., 148 (2009) 354–364. 
 
  -  H. Freundlich, Over the adsorption in solution, J. Phys. Chem.,
    57 (1906) 358–471. 
 
  -  N. Bhullar, K. Kumari, D. Sud, A biopolymer-based composite
    hydrogel for Rhodamine 6G dye removal: its synthesis,
    adsorption isotherms and kinetics, Iran. Polym. J., 27 (2018)
    527–535. 
 
  -  J. Gülen, F. Zorbay, Methylene blue adsorption on a low cost
    adsorbent – carbonized peanut shell, Water Environ. Res.,
    89 (2017) 805–816. 
 
  -  H. Tahir, M. Sultan, N. Akhtar, U. Hameed, T. Abid, Application
    of natural and modified sugar cane bagasse for the removal
    of dye from aqueous solution, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 20 (2016)
    115–121. 
 
  -  G. Akkaya, A. Ozer, Biosorption of Acid Red 274 (AR 274)
    on Dicranella varia: determination of equilibrium and kinetic
    model parameters, Process Biochem., 40 (2005) 3559–3568. 
 
  -  Z. Al-Qodah, R. Shawabkah, Production and characterization
    of granular activated carbon from activated sludge,
  Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 26 (2009) 127–136.