References

  1. D. Crapper, R. Krishnan, A.J. Dalton, Brain aluminum distribution in Alzheimer’s disease and experimental neurofibrillary degeneration, Science, 180 (1973) 511–513.
  2. T.P. Flaten, Aluminum as a risk factor in Alzheimer’s disease, with emphasis on drinking water, Brain Res. Bull., 55 (2001) 187–196.
  3. G. Sarpong, C.P. Richardson, Coagulation efficiency of Moringa oleifera for removal of turbidity and reduction of total coliform as compared to Aluminum sulfate, Afr. J. Agric. Res., 5 (2010) 2939–2944.
  4. UNICEF, WHO, Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water Update, Geneva, 2015.
  5. A. Awoke, A. Ambelu, W. Legesse, Treatment of raw water using Forssk farinosa shrub: a traditional water clarifier by “TsemeyBena” People, Ethiop. J. Health Sci., 16 (2006) 9–20.
  6. M.S. Miller, J.E. Fugate, O.V. Craver, A.J. Smith, B.J. Zimmerman, Toward understanding the efficacy and mechanism of Opuntia spp. as a natural coagulant for potential application in water treatment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42 (2008) 4274–4279.
  7. A. Ndabigengesere, K.S. Narasiah, B.G. Talbot, Active agents and mechanisms of coagulation of turbid water using Moringa oleifera, Water Res., 29 (1995) 703–710.
  8. K.A. Ghebremichael, K.R. Gunaratna, H. Henriksson, H. Brumer, G. Dalhammar, A simple purification and activity assay of the coagulant protein from Moringa oleifera seed, Water Res., 39 (2005) 2338–2344.
  9. K.A. Ghebremichael, G. Dalhammar, K.R. Gunaratna, Single-step ion exchange purification of the coagulant protein from Moringa oleifera seed, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 70 (2006) 526–532.
  10. A.N. Diaz, A. Rincon, N. Escorihuela, E. Fernandez, C.F. Chacin, A. Forster, Preliminary evaluation of turbidity removal by natural coagulants indigenous to Venezuela, Process Biochem., 35 (1999) 391–395.
  11. M. Sciban, M. Klasnja, J. Stojimirovi, Investigation of coagulation activity of natural coagulants from seeds of different leguminous species, Acta Periodica Technol., 36 (2005) 81–87.
  12. K.R. Gunaratna, B. Garcia, S. Andersson, G. Dalhammar, Screening and evaluation of natural coagulants for water treatment, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 7 (2007) 19–25.
  13. M. Pritchard, T. Mkandawire, A. Edmondson, J.G. O’Neill, G. Kululanga, Potential of using plant extracts for purification of shallow well water in Malawi, Phys. Chem. Earth, 34 (2009) 799–805.
  14. M.G. Antov, M.B. Sciban, N.J. Petrovic, Proteins from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed as a natural coagulant for potential application in water turbidity removal, Bioresour. Technol., 101 (2010) 2167–2172.
  15. M. Pritchard, T. Craven, T. Mkandawire, A.S. Edmondson, J.G. O’Neill. A study of the parameters affecting the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera in drinking water purification, Phys. Chem. Earth, 35 (2010) 791–797.
  16. U. Gassenschmidt, K.K. Jany, B. Tauscher, H. Niebergall, Isolation and characterization of a flocculation protein from Moringa oleifera Lam, Biochem. Biophys. Acta., 1243 (1995) 477–481.
  17. I. Bodlund, S. Kasi, A.R. Pavankumar, K. Sankaran, R. Chelliah, G.K. Rajarao, Coagulant proteins identified in mustard: a potential water treatment agent, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 11 (2014) 873–880.
  18. M. Megersa, A. Beyene, A. Ambelu, Z. Alebachew, L. Triest, Ethnomedicinal knowledge on water purification in selected rural areas of Ethiopia, Ethno. Res. Appl., 14 (2015) 393–403.
  19. J.W. Fahey, Moringa oleifera: a review of the medical evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties, Phytochemistry, 47 (2005) 123–157.
  20. G.S. Madrona, I.G. Branco, V.J. Seolin, B.A.A. Filho, M.R. Fagundes, R. Bergamasco, Evaluation of extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam seeds obtained with NaCl and their effects on water treatment, Acta Sci. Technol., 34 (2012) 289–293.
  21. S.A. Muyibi, L.M. Evison, Optimizing physical parameters affecting coagulation of turbid water with Moringa oleifera seeds, Water Res., 29 (1995) 2689–2695.
  22. M.M. Bradford, Rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing principle of protein- dye binding, Anal. Biochem., 72 (1976) 248–254.
  23. U.K. Laemmli, Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4, Nature, 227 (1970) 680–685.
  24. WHO, Guideline for Drinking-Water Quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2006.
  25. S. Kawamura, Effectiveness of natural polyelectrolytes in water treatment, J. Am. Water Works Ass., 83 (1991) 88–91.
  26. S.H. Lee, S.O. Lee, K.L. Jang, T.H. Lee, Microbial flocullant from arcuandedndron sp. 49, Biotechnol. Lett., 17 (1995) 95–100.
  27. K.S. Narasiah, A. Vogel, N.N. Kramadhati, Coagulation of turbid water using Moringa oleifera from two distinct sources, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 2 (2002) 83–88.
  28. N.J. Marobhe, R.K. Gunaratna, Effect of coagulant protein from Parkinsonia aculeata and citrus juice on bacteria isolated from Ruvu River in Tanzania, Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Res., 1 (2012) 714–724.
  29. Z.Z. Abidin, N.S.M. Shamsudin, N. Madehi, S. Sobri, Optimization of a method to extract the active coagulant agent from Jatropha curcas seeds for use in turbidity removal, Ind. Crops Prod., 41 (2013) 319–323.
  30. J.K. Fatombi, B. Lartiges, T. Aminou, O. Barres, C. Caillet, A natural coagulant protein from copra (Cocos nucifera): isolation, characterization and potential for water purification, Sep. Purif. Technol., 116 (2013) 35–40.
  31. M. Asrafuzzaman, A.N.M. Fakhruddin, H.M. Alamgir, Reduction of turbidity of water using locally available natural coagulants, ISRN Microbiol., (2011) 1–6.
  32. S.V.M. Prasad, B.S. Rao, A low cost water treatment by using a natural coagulant, IJRET., 2 (2013) 239–242.
  33. M. Golestanbagh, I.S. Ahamad, A. Idris, R. Yunus, Effect of storage of shelled Moringa oleifera seeds from reaping time on turbidity removal, J. Water Health, 9 (2011) 597–602.
  34. D.V. Kukic, M.B. Sciban, J.M. Prodanovic, A.N. Tepic, M.A. Vasic, Extracts of fava bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds as natural coagulants, Ecol. Eng., 84 (2015) 229–232.
  35. T. Okuda, A.U. Baes, W. Nishijimam, M. Okada, Improvement of extraction method of coagulation active components from Moringa oleifera seed, Water Res., 33 (1999) 3373–3378.
  36. A.F.S Santos, A.C.C. Argolo, L.C.B.B. Coelho, P.M.G. Paiva, Detection of water soluble lectin and antioxidant component from Moringa oleifera seeds, Water Res., 39 (2005) 975–980.
  37. M. Sciban, M. Klasnja, M. Antov, B. Skrbic, Removal of water turbidity by natural coagulants obtained from chestnut and acorn, Bioresour. Technol., 100 (2009) 6639–6643.
  38. J. Zhang, F. Zhang, Y. Luo, H. Yang, A preliminary study on cactus as coagulant in water treatment, Process Biochem., 41 (2006) 730–733.
  39. T. Okuda, A.U. Baes, W. Nishijimam, M. Okada, Isolation and characterization of coagulant extracted from Moringa oleifera seed by salt solution, Water Res., 35 (2001) 405–410.
  40. C.Y. Yin, Emerging usage of plant-based coagulants for water and wastewater treatment, Process Biochem., 45 (2010) 1437–1444.
  41. B. Ramavandi, Treatment of water turbidity and bacteria by using a coagulant extracted from Plantago ovata, Water Resour. Ind., 6 (2014) 36–50.
  42. A. Ndabigengesere, K. Narasiah, Influence of operating parameters on turbidity removal by coagulation with Moringa oleifera seeds, Environ. Technol., 17 (1996) 1103–1112.
  43. S. Katayon, M.J.M.M. Noor, M. Asma, A.M. Thamer, A.G.L. Abdullah, A. Idris, A.M. Suleyman, M.B. Aminuddin, B.C. Khor, Effects of storage duration and temperature of Moringa oleifera stock solution on its performance in coagulation, Int. J. Eng. Technol., 1 (2004) 146–151.
  44. S. Katayon, S.C. Ng, M.M.N.M. Johari, L.A.A. Ghani, Preservation of coagulation efficiency of Moringa oleifera, a natural coagulant, Biotechnol. Bioproc. E., 11 (2006) 489–495.
  45. A.F.S. Santos, P.M.G. Paiva, J.A.C. Teixeira, A.G. Brito, L.C.B.B. Coelho, R. Nogueira, Coagulant properties of Moringa oleifera protein preparations: application to humic acid removal, Environ. Technol., 33 (2012) 69–75.
  46. N.J. Marobhe, G. Dalhammar, K.R. Gunaratna, Simple and rapid methods for purification and characterization of active coagulants from the seeds of Vigna unguiculata and Parkinsonia aculeata, Environ. Technol., 28 (2007) 671–681.