References

  1. A. Jadas-Hecart, M.A. El, M. Stitou, P. Bouillot, B. Legube, The chlorine demand of a treated water, Water Res., 26 (1992) 1073–1084.
  2. AWWARF, Characterisation and Modeling of Chlorine Decay in Distribution Systems, AWWA, USA, 1996.
  3. J.C. Powell, N.B. Hallam, J.R. West, Performance of various kinetic models for chlorine decay, J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 126 (2000) 13–20.
  4. N.B. Hallam, Water Quality in Distribution Systems, PhD Thesis, The University of Birmingham, 1999.
  5. N.B. Hallam, J.R. West, C.F. Forster, The potential for biofilm growth in water distribution systems, Water Res., 35 (2001) 4063–4071.
  6. N.B. Hallam, F. Hua, J.R. West, C.F. Forster, J. Simms, Bulk decay of chlorine in water distribution systems, J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 129 (2003) 78–81.
  7. P. Vieira, S.T. Coelho, D. Loureiro, Accounting for the influence of initial chlorine concentration, TOC, iron and temperature when modelling chlorine decay in water supply, J. Water Supply Res. Technol. AQUA, 53 (2004) 453–467.
  8. B. Warton, A. Heitz, C. Joll, R. Kagi, A new method for calculation of the chlorine demand in natural and treated waters, Water Res., 40 (2006) 2877–2884.
  9. B.J. Courtis, J.R. West, J. Bridgeman, Temporal and spatial variations in bulk chlorine decay within a water supply system, J. Environ. Eng., 135 (2009) 147–152.
  10. M.W. LeChevalier, Coliform regrowth in drinking water: a review, J. AWWA, 82 (1990) 74–86.
  11. H.D. Lee, J.H. Park, S.W. Kang, M.S. Kong, A study on evaluation of the pipe wall decay constants of residual chlorine and affecting factors in reclaimed water supply system, Desal. Wat. Treat., 53 (2014) 2378–2387.
  12. A.A. Abokifa, Y.J. Yang, C.S. Lo, P. Biswas, Investigating the role of biofilms in trihalomethane formation in water distribution systems with a multicomponent model, Water Res., 104 (2016) 208–219.
  13. C. Zhang, C. Li, X. Zheng, Effect of pipe materials on chlorine decay, trihalomethanes formation, and bacterial communities in pilot-scale water distribution systems, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 14 (2017) 85–94.
  14. K. Driss, M. Bouhelassa, S. Boudabous, Modelling drinking water chlorination at the Breakpoint: II. Calculation of the chlorine and chloramine concentrations along municipal pipe, Desal. Wat. Treat., 52 (2014) 5769–5780.
  15. J. Menaia, S.T. Coelho, A. Lopes, E. Fonte, J. Palma, Dependency of Bulk Chlorine Decay Rates on Flow Velocity in Water Distribution Networks, World Water Congress, Melbourne, 7–12 April 2002.
  16. A.O. Al-Jasser, Chlorine decay in drinking-water transmission and distribution systems: pipe service age effect, Water Res., 41 (2007) 387–396.
  17. H. Ramos, D. Loureiro, A. Lopes, C. Fernandes, D. Covas, L.F. Reis, M.C. Cunha, Evaluation of chlorine decay in drinking water systems for different flow conditions: from theory to practice, Water Resour. Manage., 24 (2010) 815–834.
  18. H.J. Kim, S.H. Kim, J.Y. Koo, A general framework of chlorine decay modeling at a pilot scale water distribution system, J. Water Supply Res. Technol. AQUA, 64 (2015) 543–557.
  19. D. Starczewska, R. Collins, J. Boxall, Occurrence of transients in water distribution networks, Procedia Eng., 199 (2015) 1473–1482.
  20. G.I. Mutoti, J.D. Dietz, J. Arevalo, J.S. Taylor, Combined chlorine dissipation: pipe material, water quality, and hydraulic effects, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 99 (2007) 96–106.
  21. H.J. Kim, S.H. Kim, Evaluation of chlorine decay models under transient conditions in a water distribution system, J. Hydroinf., 19 (2017) 522–537.
  22. J.H. Kim, H.S. Kim, D.J. Lee, K.H. Kim, Analysis of water use characteristics by household demand monitoring, J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 29 (2007) 864–869.
  23. D.E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithm in Search Optimization and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA, USA, 1989.
  24. Y.B. Hahn, A collision model for fine particles in a turbulent system, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 11 (1994) 246–253.
  25. S.L. Percival, J.T. Walker, P.R. Hunter, Microbiological Aspects of Biofilms and Drinking Water, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000.
  26. G. Pezzinga, D. Cannizzaro, Analysis of transient vaporous cavitation in pipes by a distributed 2D model, J. Hydraul. Eng., 140 (2014) 04014019-1-10.
  27. R.W. MacCormack, The effects of viscosity in hypervelocity impact cratering, J. Spacecraft Rocket, 40 (2003) 757–763.