References

  1. G. Han, J. Zhou, C. Wan, T. Yang, T. Chung, Investigations of inorganic and organic fouling behaviors, antifouling and cleaning strategies for pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) membrane using seawater desalination brine and wastewater, Water Res., 103 (2016) 264–275.
  2. M. Zhang, D. Hou, Q. She, Y.C. Tang, Gypsum scaling in pressure retarded osmosis: experiments, mechanisms and implications, Water Res., 48 (2014) 387–395.
  3. A. Achilli, J.L. Prante, N.T. Hancock, E.B. Maxwell, A.E. Childress, Experimental results from RO-PRO: a next generation system for low-energy desalination, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48 (2014) 6437–6443.
  4. J.L. Prante, J.A. Ruskowitz, A.E. Childress, A. Archilli, RO-PRO desalination: an integrated low-energy approach to seawater desalination, Appl. Energy, 120 (2014) 104–114.
  5. Y.A. Le Gouellec, M. Elimelech, Control of calcium sulfate (gypsum) scale in nanofiltration of saline agricultural drainage water, Environ. Eng. Sci., 19 (2002) 387–397.
  6. W.Y. Shih, J. Gao, A. Rahardianto, J. Glater, Y. Cohen, C. Gabelich, Ranking of antiscalant performance for gypsum scale suppression in the presence of residual aluminum, Desalination, 196 (2006) 280–292.
  7. Y.J. Choi, S.H. Kim, S.H. Jeong, T.M. Hwang Application of ultrasound to mitigate calcium sulfate scaling and colloidal fouling, Desalination, 336 (2014) 153–159.
  8. J.R. McCutcheon, M. Elimelech, Influence of concentrative and dilutive internal concentration polarization on flux behavior in forward osmosis, J. Membr. Sci., 284 (2006) 237–247.
  9. T.Y. Cath, A.E. Childress, M. Elimelech, Forward osmosis: principles, applications, and recent developments, J. Membr, Sci., 281 (2006) 70–87.
  10. S. Jamil, S. Jeong, S. Vigneswaran, Application of pressure assisted forward osmosis for water purification and reuse of reverse osmosis concentrate from a water reclamation plant, Sep. Purif. Technol., 171 (2016) 182–190.
  11. J. Manka, M. Rebhun, A. Mandelbaum, A. Bortinger, Characterization of organics in secondary effluents, Environ. Sci. Technol., 8 (1974) 1017–1020.
  12. H. Ma, H.E. Allen, Y. Yin, Characterization of isolated fractions of dissolved organic matter from natural waters and a wastewater effluent, Water Res., 35 (2001) 985–996.
  13. Q. She, X. Jin, Q. Li, C.Y. Tang, Relating reverse and forward solute diffusion to membrane fouling in osmotically driven membrane processes, Water Res., 46 (2012) 2478–2486.
  14. B. Mi, M. Elimelech, Chemical and physical aspects of organic fouling of forward osmosis membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 320 (2008) 292–302.
  15. S. Lee, M. Elimelech, Relating organic fouling of reverse osmosis membranes to intermolecular adhesion forces, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40 (2006) 980–987.
  16. Q. She, Y.K.W. Wong, S. Zhao, C.Y. Tang, Organic fouling in pressure retarded osmosis: experiments, mechanisms and implications, J. Membr. Sci., 428 (2013) 181–189.
  17. N.Y. Yip, M. Elimelech, Performance limiting effects in power generation from salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45 (2011) 10273–10282.
  18. Q. She, X. Jin, C.Y. Tang, Osmotic power production from salinity gradient resource by pressure retarded osmosis: effects of operating conditions and reverse solute diffusion, J. Membr. Sci.. 401–402 (2012) 262–273.