References
  -  J.E. Cadotte, R.J. Petersen, Synthetic membranes, ACS publications;
    1981. Chapter 21, Thin-film composite reverse-osmosis
    membranes: Origin, development, and recent advances, pp.
    305–326. 
-  J. Lee, R. Wang, T.-H. Bae, High-performance reverse osmosis
    membranes fabricated on highly porous micro structured supports,
    Desalination, 436 (2018) 48–55. 
-  J. Xu, H. Yan, Y. Zhang, G. Pan, Y. Liu, The morphology of fully-aromatic polyamide separation layer and its relationship
    with separation performance of TFC membranes, J. Membr.
    Sci., 541 (2017) 174–188. 
-  Q. Zhang, Z. Zhang, L. Dai, H. Wang, S. Li, S. Zhang, Novel
    insights into the interplay between support and active layer in
    the thin film composite polyamide membranes, J. Membr. Sci.,
    537 (2017) 372–383. 
-  J. Ren, M.R. Chowdhury, J. Qi, L. Xia, B.D. Huey, J.R. McCutcheon,
    Relating osmotic performance of thin film composite
    hollow fiber membranes to support layer surface pore size, J.
    Membr. Sci., 540 (2017) 344–353. 
-  J.E. Cadotte, Inter facially synthesized reverse osmosis membrane,
    US Patent 4,277,344, (1981). 
-  M. Mulder, Basic principles of membrane technology; Kluwer
    Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2003. 
-  N. Koutahzadeh, M.R. Esfahani, H.A. Stretz, P.E. Arce, Investigation
	  of UV/H2O2 pretreatment effects on humic acid fouling
    on polysulfone/titanium dioxid and polysulfone/multi wall
    carbon nano tube Nano composite Ultrafiltration membranes,
    Environ. Progr. Sustain. Energy, 36–1 (2017) 27–37. 
-  N. Koutahzadeh, M.R. Esfahani, P.E. Arce, Sequential use of
    UV/H2O2-(PSF/TiO2/MWCNT) mixed matrix membranes for
    dye removal in water purification: Membrane permeation,
    fouling, rejection, and decolorization, Environ. Eng. Sci., 33–6
    (2016) 430–440. 
-  M. Sile-Yuksel, B. Tas, D.Y. Koseoglu-Imer, I. Koyuncu, Effect
    of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) location in nanocomposite membrane
    matrix fabricated with different polymer type on antibacterial
    mechanism, Desalination, 347 (2016) 120–130. 
-  G.R. Guillen, Y. Pan, M. Li, E.M.V. Hoek, Preparation and characterization
    of membranes formed by nonsolvent ınduced
    phase separation: a review, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50(7) (2011)
    3798–3817. 
-  N.-N. Bui, M.L. Lind, E.M.V. Hoek, J.R. McCutcheon, Electrospun
    nanofiber supported thin film composite membranes for
    engineered osmosis, J. Membr. Sci., 385–386 (2011) 10–19. 
-  H.A. Tsai, R.C. Ruaan, D.M. Wang, J.Y. Lai, Effect of temperature
    and span series surfactant on the structure of polysulfone
    membranes, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 86 (2002) 166–173. 
-  M.J. Han, S.T. Nam, Thermodynamic and rheological variation
    in polysulfone solution by PVP and its effect in the preparation
    of phase inversion membrane, J. Membr. Sci., 202 (2002) 55–61. 
-  B. Chakrabarty, A.K. Ghoshal, M.K. Purkait, Effect of molecular
    weight of PEG on membrane morphology and transport
    properties, J. Membr. Sci., 309 (2008) 209–221. 
-  Q.Z. Zheng, P. Wang, Y.N. Yang, Rheological and thermodynamic
    variation in polysulfone solution by PEG introduction
    and its effect on kinetics of membrane formation via phase-inversion
    process, J. Membr. Sci., 279 (2006) 230–237. 
-  A.L. Ahmad, M. Sarif, S. Ismail, Development of an integrally
    skinned ultrafiltration membrane for wastewater treatment:
    Effect of different formulations of PSf/NMP/PVP on flux and
    rejection, Desalination, 179 (2005) 257–263. 
-  M.J. Han, Effect of propionic acid in the casting solution on
    the characteristics of phase inversion polysulfone membranes,
    Desalination, 121 (1999) 31–39. 
-  B. Chakrabarty, A.K. Ghoshal, A.K. Purkait, Preparation, characterization
    and performance studies of polysulfone membranes
    using PVP as an additive, J. Membr. Sci., 315 (2008)
    36–47. 
-  Q.Z. Zheng, P. Wang, Y.N. Yang, D.J. Cui, The relationship between
    porosity and kinetics parameter of membrane formation in PSF
    ultrafiltration membrane, J. Membr. Sci., 286 (2006) 7–11. 
-  T.P. Hou, S.H. Dong, L.Y. Zheng, The study of mechanism of
    organic additives action in the polysulfone membrane casting
    solution, Desalination, 83 (1991) 343–360. 
-  M. Fontyn, K. Vantriet, B.H. Bijsterbosch, Surface spectroscopic
    studies of pristine and fouled membranes. 1. Method development
    and pristine membrane characterization, Colloids Surf.,
    54 (1991) 331–347. 
-  C. Barth, M.C. Goncalves, A.T.N. Pires, J. Roeder, B.A. Wolf,
    Asymmetric polysulfone and polyether sulfone membranes:
    Effects of thermodynamic conditions during formation on
    their performance, J. Membr. Sci., 169 (2000) 287–299. 
-  L. Xue, Z. Sui, F. Fengjiang, T.-S. Chung, Deformation and reinforcement
    of thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide-imide (PAI)
    membranes for osmotic power generation, J. Membr. Sci., 434
    (2013) 204–217. 
-  F.G. Paulsen, S.S. Shojaie, W.B. Krantz, Effect of evaporation
    step on macro void formation in wet-cast polymeric membranes,
    J. Membr. Sci., 91 (1994) 265–282. 
-  L. Zeman, T. Fraser, Formation of air-cast cellulose-acetate
    membranes 1. Study of macro void formation, J. Membr. Sci.,
    84 (1993) 93–106. 
-  H. Strathmann, K. Kock, P. Amar, R.W. Baker, The formation
    mechanism of asymmetric membranes, Desalination, 16 (1975)
    179–203. 
-  H. Strathmann, K. Kock, Formation mechanism of phase
    inversion membranes, Desalination, 21 (1977) 241–255. 
-  R.E. Kesting, A.K. Fritzsche, Polymeric gas separation membranes,
    Wiley, New York, 1993. 
-  S.S. Madaeni, A. Rahimpour, M. Barzin, Preparation of polysulphone
    Ultrafiltration membranes for milk concentration:
    effect of additives on morphology and performance, Iran.
    Polym. J., 14 (2005) 421–428. 
-  J. Barzin, S.S. Madaeni, H. Mirzadeh, M. Mehrabzadeh, Effect
    of polyvinylpyrolidone on morphology and performance of
    hemodialysis membranes prepared from polyether sulfone, J.
    Appl. Polym. Sci., 92 (2004) 3804–3813. 
-  A. Bottino, G. Camera-Roda, G. Capannelli, S. Munari, The formation
    of micro porous polyvinylidene difluoride membranes
    by phase-separation, J. Membr. Sci., 57 (1991) 1–20. 
-  C. Friedrich, A. Driancourt, C. Noel, L. Monnerie, Asymmetric
    reverse-osmosis and ultrafiltration membranes prepared from
    sulfonated polysulfone, Desalination, 36 (1981) 39–62. 
-  P. Neogi, Mechanism of pore formation in reverse-osmosis
    membranes during the casting process, AIChE J., 29 (1983)
    402–410. 
-  D.M. Wang, F.C. Lin, T.T. Wu, J.Y. Lai, Formation mechanism
    of the macro voids induced by surfactant additives, J. Membr.
    Sci., 142 (1998) 191–204. 
-  F.C. Lin, D.M. Wang, C.L. Lai, J.Y. Lai, Effect of surfactants on
    the structure of PMMA membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 123 (1997)
    281–291. 
-  Y.S. Kang, H.J. Kim, U.Y. Kim, Asymmetric membrane formation
    via immersion precipitation method 1. Kinetic effect, J.
    Membr. Sci., 60 (1991) 219–232. 
-  R.M. Boom, I.M. Wienk, T. Vandenboomgaard, C.A. Smolders,
    Micro structures in phase inversion membranes 2. The role of
    a polymeric additive, J. Membr. Sci., 73 (1992) 277–292. 
-  R.M. Boom, T. Vandenboomgaard, C.A. Smolders, Mass-transfer
    and thermo-dynamics during immersion precipitation for
    a 2-polymer system—evaluation with the system PES–PVP–
    NMP–water, J. Membr. Sci., 90 (1994) 231–249. 
-  R. Sengur, C.-F. de Lannoy, T. Turken, M. Wiesner, I. Koyuncu,
    Fabrication and characterization of hydroxylated and carboxylated
    multi walled carbon nano tube/polyether sulfone (PES)
    nano composite hollow fiber membranes, Desalination, 359
    (2015) 123–140 
-  M.J. Han, P.M. Bummer, M. Jay, D. Bhattacharyya, Phase-transitions
    of polysulfone solution during coagulation, Polymer.,
    36 (1995) 4711–4714. 
-  Q.Z. Zheng, P. Wang, Y.N. Yang, D.J. Cui, The relationship
    between porosity and kinetics parameter of membrane formation
    in PSF ultrafiltration membrane, J. Membr. Sci., 286 (2006)
    7–11. 
-  C.A. Smolders, A.J. Reuvers, R.M. Boom, I.M. Wienk, Micro
    structures in phase-inversion membranes. 1. Formation of
    macro voids, J. Membr. Sci., 73 (1992) 259–275. 
-  K. Kimmerle, H. Strathmann, Analysis of the structure-determining
    process of phase inversion membranes, Desalination,
    79 (1990) 283–302. 
-  J.Y. Lai, C.F. Lin, C.C. Wang, D.M. Wang, Effect of non solvent
    additives on the porosity and morphology of asymmetric TPX
    membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 118 (1996) 49–61. 
-  S.H. Yoo, J.H. Kim, J.Y. Jho, J. Won, Y.S. Kang, Influence of the
    addition of PVP on the morphology of asymmetric polyimide
    phase inversion membranes: Effect of PVP molecular weight,
    J. Membr. Sci., 236 (2004) 203–207. 
-  B. Jung, J.K. Yoon, B. Kim, H.W. Rhee, Effect of molecular
    weight of polymeric additives on formation, permeation properties
    and hypochlorite treatment of asymmetric polyacrylonitrile
	  membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 243 (2004) 45–57.