References

  1. A. Alamgir, M.A. Khan, J. Scheilling, S.S. Shaukat, S. Shahab, Assessment of groundwater quality in the coastal area of Sindh province, Pakistan, Environ. Monit. Assess., 188 (2016) 1–13.
  2. B. Lashari, J. McKay, K. Villholth, Institutional and legal groundwater management framework: Lessons learnt from South Australia for Pakistan, Int. J. Environ. Develop., 4(1) (2007) 45–59.
  3. I. Yolcubal, O.C. Gunduz, F. Sonmez. Assessment of the impact of environmental pollution on groundwater and surface water qualities in a heavily industrialized district of Kocaeli (Dilovasi), Turkey, Environ. Earth. Sci. 75(2) (2016). doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4986-2.
  4. S. Arslan, C. Yuce, S.S. Calli, M. Çelik, Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the groundwater of the northern Develi Closed Basin, Kayseri, Turkey, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 99 (2017) 244–252.
  5. UNISEF and WHO (2012) Progress on drinking water and sanitation update 2012. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/media/files/JMPreport2012.pdf.
  6. UNESCO. Water for people water for life. The United Nations world water development report. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2003.
  7. R. Amin, S.S. Ali, Z. Anwar, J.Z.K. Khattak, Microbial analysis of drinking water and water distribution system in new urban Peshawar, Curr. Res. J. Bio. Sci., 4 (2012) 731–737.
  8. Pak-SECA. Pakistan; strategic country environmental assessment report: rising to the challenges, South Asia environment and social development unit, Islamabad, 2006.
  9. Pakistan Demographic Health Survey, 2012-13 [http://www.nips.org.pk].
  10. N.H. Chandio, M.M. Anwar, O.H. Mallah, Impacts of climate change on coast line of Arabian Sea: A case study of Indus River Delta, Pakistan, Sindh Univ. Res. Jour. (Sci. Ser.,), 50(1) (2018) 147–152.
  11. M. El-Hoz, A. Mohsen, A. Iaaly, Assessing groundwater quality in a coastal area using the GIS technique, Desal. Water Treat., 52 (2014) 1967–1979.
  12. M. Ebrahimi, H. Kazemi, M. Ehtashemi, T.D. Rockawaya, Assessment of groundwater quantity and quality and saltwater intrusion in the Damghan basin, Iran, Chemie der Erde, 76, 227–241.
  13. S. Ponsadailakshmia, S. Ganapathy Sankarib, S. Mythili Prasannac, G. Madhurambald, Evaluation of water quality suitability for drinking using drinking water quality index in Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu in Southern India, Groundwat. Sust. Develop., 6 (2018) 43–49.
  14. Z. Wu, Z. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. Cai, J. Deng, Assessing river water quality using water quality index in Lake Taihu Basin, China, Sci. Total Environ., 612 (2018) 914–922.
  15. R. Shabbir, S.S. Ahmad, Use of geographic information system and water quality index to assess groundwater quality in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Arabian J. Sci. Eng., 40 (2015) 2033–2047.
  16. S.K. Singh, P.K. Srivastava, D. Singh, D. Han, S.K. Gautam, A.C. Pandey, Modelling groundwater quality over a humid subtropical region using numerical indices, earth observation datasets, and X-ray diffraction technique: a case study of Allahabad district, India, Environ. Geochem. Health, 37 (2015) 157–180.
  17. S.H. Ewaid, S.A. Abed, Water quality index for Al-Gharraf River, southern Iraq, Egypt. J. Aquat. Res., 43 (2017) 117–122.
  18. S. Sener, E. Sener, A. Sener, Davraz, Evaluation of water quality using water quality index (WQI) method and GIS in Aksu River (SW-Turkey), Sci. Total Environ., 584–585 (2017) 131–144.
  19. P. Arulbalaji, B. Gurugnanam, Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical tools in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India, Appl. Water Sci., 7 (2017) 2737–2751.
  20. G.S. Solangi, A.A. Siyal, M.M. Babar, P. Siyal, Groundwater Quality Evaluation using the Water Quality Index (WQI), the Synthetic Pollution Index (SPI), and Geospatial tools: a case study of Sujawal district, Pakistan, Human Ecol. Risk Assess. (2019) doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2019.1588099.
  21. S. Khangembam, K.S. Kshetrimayum, Evaluation of hydrogeochemical controlling factors and water quality index of water resources of the Barak valley of Assam, Northeast India. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, Available online 12 February 2019.
  22. G.S. Solangi, A.A. Siyal, M.M. Babar, P. Siyal, Groundwater quality mapping using geographic information system: a case study of District Thatta, Sindh, Mehran Univ. Res. J. Eng. Technol., 36 (2017) 1059–1072.
  23. A. Abbasnia, N. Yousefi, A.H. Mahvi, R. Nabizadeh, M. Radfard, M. Yousefi, M. Alimohammadi. Evaluation of groundwater quality using water quality index and its suitability for assessing water for drinking and irrigation purposes: Case study of Sistan and Baluchistan province (Iran), Human Ecol. Risk Assess., (2018). doi: 10.1080/10807039.2018.1458596.
  24. H.A. Zaqoot, S.H. Khan, A.K. Ansari, K. Qureshi, Assessment of water quality in the coastal environment of Karachi bordering northern Arabian Sea, J. Flood Eng., 1(1) (2009) 5–19.
  25. A. Azizullah, M.N.K. Khattak, P. Richter, D.P. Hader, Water pollution in Pakistan and its impact on public health-A review, Environ. Int., 37 (2011) 479–497.
  26. G. Martaza, Review article, Pollution status of Pakistan. A respective review on heavy metal contamination of water, soil and vegetables, Bio Med. Res. Int., (2014), Article ID 813206, 29 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/813206.
  27. M.Y. Khuhawar, R.O.Z. Brohi, T.M. Jahangir, M.F. Lanjwani, Water quality assessment of Ramsar site, Indus Delta, Sindh, Pakistan, Environ. Monit. Assess, 190 (492) (2018) 1–11.
  28. R.M. Qureshi, A. Mashiatullah, M. Abram, M.I. Sajad, M. Shafiq, T. Javed, M. Aslam, Radiological assessment of coastal marine sediments and water samples, Karachi coast, Pakistan, radiation and isotope application division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, P. O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1999.
  29. M. Memon, M.S. Soomro, M.S. Akhtar, K.S. Memon, Drinking water quality assessment in Southern Sindh (Pakistan), Environ. Monit. Assess., 177 (2011) 39–50.
  30. N.A. Kalhoro, Z. He, D. Xu, M. Faiz, L.V. Yafei, N. Sohoo, A.H. Bhutto, Vulnerability of the Indus River Delta of the North Arabian Sea, Pakistan, Global NEST J., 18 (2016) 599–610.
  31. I. Zia, H. Zafar, M. Shahzad, M. Meraj, J.H. Kazmi, Assessment of sea water inundation along Daboo Creek area in Indus Delta Region, Pakistan, J. Ocean Univ. China, 16(6) (2017) 1055–1060.
  32. R.K. Horton, An index number system for rating water quality, J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 37 (1965) 300–306.
  33. C. Xiao, Application of the equalized synthetic pollution index method to the assessment of groundwater quality pollution in the former Guoguan district, Jilin, Water Conserv., 11 (1996) 33–35.
  34. S.K. Gautam, C. Maharana, D. Sharma, A.K. Singh, J.K. Tripathi, S.K. Singh, Evaluation of groundwater quality in the Chotanagpur plateau region of the Subarnarekha river basin, Jharkhand State, India, Sust. Wat. Qual. Ecol., 6 (2015) 57–74.
  35. S.A. Bablani, S.A. Soomro, Evaluation of seawater intrusions in left bank sediments of coastal district Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan. Paper presented at the 1st SWIM-SWICA Joint Saltwater Intrusion Conference, (2006) 24–29.
  36. G.S. Solangi, A.A. Siyal, M.M. Babar, P. Siyal, Evaluation of surface water quality using the water quality index (WQI) and the synthetic pollution index (SPI): A case study of Indus Delta region of Pakistan, Desal. Water Treat., 118 (2018) 39–48.
  37. M. Ketata-Rokbani, M. Gueddari, R. Bouhlila, Use of geographical information system and water quality index to assess groundwater quality in El Khairat Deep Aquifer (Enfidha, Tunisian Sahel), Iranica, J. Energy Environ., 2 (2011) 133–144.
  38. N.Z. Popovic, J.A. Duknic, J.Z. Atlagic, M.J. Rakovic, N.S. Marinkovic, B.P. Tubic, M.M. Paunovic, Application of the water pollution index in the assessment of the ecological status of rivers: a case study of the Sava River, Serbia, Acta Zool. Bulg., 68 (2016) 97–102.
  39. World Health Organization, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 4th ed., 2011. http://www.who.int/water.
  40. P. Sahu, P.K. Sikdar, Hydrochemical framework of the aquifer in and around East Kolkata wetlands, West Bengal, India Environ. Geol., 55 (2008) 823–835.
  41. E. Hoseinzadeh, H. Khorsandi, C. Wei, M. Alipour, Evaluation of Aydughmush river water quality using the national sanitation foundation water quality index (NSFWQI), river pollution index (RPI), and forestry water quality index (FWQI), Desal. Water Treat., 54 (2014) 2994–3002.
  42. V. Napacho, S.V. Manyele, Quality assessment of drinking water in Temeke District (Part II): Characterization of chemical parameters, African J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4 (2010) 775–789.
  43. J. Rajesh, C. Lakshumanan, V. Govindaraj, P. Karthick, Environmental impacts assessment of brackish water aquaculture activity in Nagapattinam Region, South East Coast of India, J. Environ. Anal. Tox., 6 (2016) 367.
  44. K. Supriyadi, A.S.P. Putro, Geophysical and hydrochemical approach for seawater intrusion in North Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, Int. J. Geomate, 12 (2017) 134–140.
  45. V. Husain, H. Nizam, G.M. Arain, Arsenic and fluoride mobilization mechanism in groundwater of Indus Delta and the Thar Desert, Sindh, Pakistan, Int. J. Econ. Environ. Geol., 3 (2012) 15–23.
  46. K.R. Karanth, Groundwater Assessment Development and Management. Handbook, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited New Delhi, 2014.
  47. P. Balakrishnan, A. Saleem, N.D. Mallikarjun, groundwater quality mapping using geographic information system (GIS): A case study of Gulbarga City, Karnataka, India, African J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 5(12) (2011) 1069–1084.
  48. N. Das, S. Paul, D. Chatterjee, N. Banerjee, N.S. Majumder, N. Sarma, T.J. Sau, S. Basu, S. Banerjee, P. Majumder, A.K. Bandyopadhyay, J.C. States, A.K. Giri, Arsenic exposure through drinking water increases the risk of liver and cardiovascular diseases in the population of West Bengal, India, BMC Public Health J., 12 (2012) 639.
  49. R. Ahmed, Viqar-Un-Nisa, M. Hussain, R. Tanwir, S.A. Qureshi, Monitoring of fluoride and iodide levels in drinking water using ion selective electrodes, Nucleus, 41(1–4) (2004) 51–58.
  50. J.A. Baig, T.G. Kazi, M.B. Arain, H.I. Afridi, G.A. Kandhro, R.A. Sarfraz, Evaluation of arsenic and other physicochemical parameters of surface and groundwater of Jamshoro, Pakistan, J. Hazard. Mater., 166(2–3) (2009) 662–669.
  51. E. Hoseinzadeh, C. Wei, M. Safari, H. Godini, Evaluation of rainwater quality using factor analysis: a case study of Khorramabad in western Iran, Desal. Water Treat., 57(53) (2016) 25345–25357.