References
  -  R. Zhang, Y. Liu, M. He, Y. Su, X. Zhao, M. Elimelech, Z. Jiang,
    Antifouling membranes for sustainable water purification:
    strategies and mechanisms, Chem. Soc. Rev., 45 (2016)
    5888–5924. 
 
  -  B.H. Jeong, E.M. Hoek, Y. Yan, A. Subramani, X. Huang,
    G. Hurwitz, A.K. Ghosh, A. Jawor, Interfacial polymerization
    of thin film nanocomposites: a new concept for reverse osmosis
    membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 294 (2007) 1–7. 
 
  -  W. Lau, S. Gray, T. Matsuura, D. Emadzadeh, J.P. Chen,
    A. Ismail, A review on polyamide thin film nanocomposite
    (TFN) membranes: history, applications, challenges and approaches,
    Water Res., 80 (2015) 306–324. 
 
  -  H. Karkhanechi, F. Razi, I. Sawada, R. Takagi, Y. Ohmukai,
    H. Matsuyam, Improvement of antibiofouling performance
    of a reverse osmosis membrane through biocide release
    and adhesion resistance, Sep. Purif. Technol., 105 (2013)
    106–113. 
 
  -  A. Asatekin, A.M. Mayes, Oil industry wastewater treatment
    with fouling resistant membranes containing amphiphilic
    comb copolymers, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43 (2009) 4487–4492. 
 
  -  H. Basri, A.F. Ismail, M. Aziz, Polyethersulfone (PES)–silver
    composite UF membrane: effect of silver loading and PVP
    molecular weight on membrane morphology and antibacterial
    activity, Desalination, 273 (2011) 72–80. 
 
  -  D.Y. Koseoglu-Imer, B. Kose, M. Altinbas, I. Koyuncu, The
    production of polysulfone (PS) membrane with silver nanoparticles
    (AgNP): physical properties, filtration performances,
    and biofouling resistances of membranes, J. Membr. Sci.,
    428 (2013) 620–628. 
 
  -  J. Huang, G. Arthanareeswaran, K. Zhang, Effect of silver
    loaded sodium zirconium phosphate (nanoAgZ) nanoparticles
    incorporation on PES membrane performance, Desalination,
    285 (2012) 100–107. 
 
  -  A. Mollahosseini, A. Rahimpour, M. Jahamshahi, M. Peyravi,
    M. Khavarpour, The effect of silver nanoparticle size on
    performance and antibacteriality of polysulfone ultrafiltration
    membrane, Desalination, 306 (2012) 41–50. 
 
  -  Y. Liu, X. Wang, F. Yang, X. Yang, Excellent antimicrobial
    properties of mesoporous anatase TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 composite
  films, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 114 (2008) 431–439. 
 
  -  H.J. Klasen, A historical review of the use of silver in the
    treatment of burns. II. Renewed interest for silver, Burns,
    26 (2000) 131–138. 
 
  -  I.M. Ali, M.Y. Nassar, Y.H. Kotp, M. Khalil, Cylindrical-design,
    dehydration, and sorption properties of easily synthesized
    magnesium phosphosilicate nanopowder, Part. Sci. Technol.,
    37 (2019) 207–219. 
 
  -  J.H. Li, X.S. Shao, Q. Zhou, M.Z. Li, Q.Q. Zhang, The double
    effects of silver nanoparticles on the PVDF membrane: surface
    hydrophilicity and antifouling performance, Appl. Surf. Sci.,
    265 (2013) 663–670. 
 
  -  Q.H. Tran, A.T. Le, Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, properties,
    toxicology, applications and perspectives, Adv. Nat. Sci.
    Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 4 (2013) 4 033001. 
 
  -  A. Ahmad, P. Mukherjee, S. Senapati, D. Mandal, M.I. Khan,
    R. Kumar, M. Sastry, Extracellular biosynthesis of silver
    nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, Colloids
    Surf., B, 28 (2003) 313–318. 
 
  -  N. Vigneshwaran, N.M. Ashtaputre, P.V. Varadarajan, R.P.
    Nachane, K.M. Paralikar, R.H. Balasubramanya, Biological
    synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus
    flavus. Mater. Lett., 61 (2007) 1413–1418. 
 
  -  A. Ingle, A. Gade, S. Pierrat, C. Sonnichsen, M. Rai, Mycosynthesis
    of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium acuminatum and its activity against some human pathogenic bacteria, Curr.
    Nanosci., 4 (2008) 141–144. 
 
  -  A.A. Ahmed, H. Hamzah, M. Maaroof, Analyzing formation
    of silver nanoparticles from the filamentous fungus Fusarium
    oxysporum and their antimicrobial activity, Turk. J. Biol.,
    42 (2008) 54–62. 
 
  -  A. Mukherjee, M. Roy, B.P. Mandal, G.K. Dey, P.K. Mukherjee,
    J. Ghatak, S.P. Kale, Green synthesis of highly stabilized
    nanocrystalline silver particles by a non-pathogenic and
    agriculturally important fungus T. asperellum, Nanotechnology,
    19 (2008) 075103. 
 
  -  K.S. Hemath Naveen, G. Kumar, L. Karthik, K.V. Bhaskara
    Rao, Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using
    the filamentous fungus Penicillium sp., Arch. Appl. Sci. Res.,
    2 (2010) 161–167. 
 
  -  S. Majeed, M.S. Bin Abdullah, G.K. Dash, M.T. Ansari,
    A. Nanda, Biochemical synthesis of silver nanoprticles using
    filamentous fungi Penicillium decumbens (MTCC-2494) and its
    efficacy against A-549 lung cancer cell line, Chin. J. Nat. Med.,
    14 (2016) 615–620. 
 
  -  M. Bawaskar, S. Gaikwad, A. Ingle, D. Rathod, A. Gade, N.
    Duran, M. Rai, A new report on mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles
    by Fusarium culmorum, Curr. Nanosci., 6 (2010) 376–380. 
 
  -  V.C. Verma, R.N. Kharwar, A.C. Gange, Biosynthesis of
    antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by the endophytic fungus
     Aspergillus clavatus, Nanomedicine, 5 (2010) 33–40. 
 
  -  J. Musarrat, S. Dwivedi, B.R. Singh, A.A. Al-Khedhairy, A. Azam,
    A. Naqvi, Production of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles in
    water extracts of the fungus Amylomyces rouxii strain KSU-09,
    Bioresour. Technol., 101 (2010) 8772–8776. 
 
  -  E. Castro-Longoria, A.R. Vilchis-Nestor, M. Avalos-Borja,
    Biosynthesis of silver, gold and bimetallic nanoparticles using
    the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, Colloids Surf., B,
    83 (2011) 42–48. 
 
  -  K. Vahabi, G.A. Mansoori, S. Karimi, Biosynthesis of silver
    nanoparticles by fungus Trichoderma reesei (a route for largescale
    production of AgNPs), Insciences J., 1 (2011) 65–79. 
 
  -  P.C. Nagajyothi, T.V.M. Sreekanth, J.I. Lee, K.D. Lee, Mycosynthesis:
    antibacterial, antioxidant and antiproliferative
    activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Inonotus
    obliquus (Chaga mushroom) extract, J. Photochem. Photobiol.,
    B, 130 (2014) 299–304. 
 
  -  V. Ahluwalia, J. Kumar, R. Sisodia, N.A. Shakil, S. Walia, Green
    synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Trichoderma harzianum and
    their bio-efficacy evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus and
    Klebsiella pneumonia, Ind. Crops Prod., 55 (2014) 202–206. 
 
  -  P. Phanjom, G. Ahmed, Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by
    Aspergillus oryzae (MTCC No. 1846) and its characterizations,
    Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 5 (2015) 14–21. 
 
  -  D. Amerasan, T. Nataraj, K. Murugan, C. Panneerselvam,
    P. Madhiyazhagan, M. Nicoletti, G. Benelli, Myco-synthesis
    of silver nanoparticles using Metarhizium anisopliae against
    the rural malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies Giles (Diptera:
    Culicidae), J. Pest Sci., 89 (2016) 249–256. 
 
  -  M.D. Balakumaran, R. Ramachandran, P. Balashanmugam,
    D.J. Mukeshkumar, P.T. Kalaichelvan, Mycosynthesis of silver
    and gold nanoparticles: optimization, characterization and
    antimicrobial activity against human pathogens, Microbiol.
    Res., 182 (2016) 8–20. 
 
  -  A.F. El-Baz, A.I. El-Batal, F.M. Abomosalam, A.A. Tayel,
    Y.M. Shetaia, S.T. Yang, Extracellular biosynthesis of anti-Candida silver nanoparticles using Monascus purpureus, J. Basic
    Microbiol., 56 (2016) 531–540. 
 
  -  P. Azmath, S. Baker, D. Rakshith, S. Satish, Mycosynthesis of
    silver nanoparticles bearing antibacterial activity, Saudi Pharm.
    J., 24 (2016) 140–146. 
 
  -  S. Ghanbari, H. Vaghari, Z. Sayyar, M. Adibpour, H. Jafarizadeh-
    Malmiri, Autoclave-assisted green synthesis of silver
    nanoparticles using A. fumigatus mycelia extract and the
    evaluation of their physico-chemical properties and antibacterial
    activity, Green Process. Synth., 7 (2018) 217–224. 
 
  -  A.C.M.S. Barbosa, L.P.C. Silva, C.M. Ferraz, F.L. Tobias, J.V. de
    Araújo, B. Loureiro, F.R. Braga, Nematicidal activity of silver
    nanoparticles from the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans, Int. J.
    Nanomed., 14 (2019) 2341–2348. 
 
  -  A.R. de Araujo, J. Ramos-Jesus, T.M. de Oliveira, A.M.A. de
    Carvalho, P.H.M. Nunes, T.C. Daboit, A. Rodrigues, Identification
    of Eschweilenol C in derivative of Terminalia fagifolia Mart.
    and green synthesis of bioactive and biocompatible silver
    nanoparticles, Ind. Crops Prod., 137 (2019) 52–65. 
 
  -  Y.H. Kotp, Removal of organic pollutants using polysulfone
    ultrafiltration membrane containing polystyrene silicomolybdate
    nanoparticles: case study: Borg El Arab area, J. Water
    Process Eng., 30 (2019) 100553. 
 
  -  Y.H. Kotp, Y.A. Shebl, M.S. El-Deab, B.E. El-Anadouli,
    H.A. Shawky, Performance enhancement of PA-TFC RO membrane
    by using magnesium silicate nanoparticles, J. Inorg.
    Organomet. Polym. Mater., 27 (2017) 201–214. 
 
  -  L. Cen, K.G. Neoh, E.T. Kang, Antibacterial activity of cloth
    functionalized with Nalkylated poly(4-vinylpyridine), J. Biomed.
    Mater. Res. Part A, 71 (2004) 70–80. 
 
  -  J. Yin, Y. Yang, Z. Hu, B. Deng, Attachment of silver nanoparticles
    (AgNPs) onto thin-film composite (TFC) membranes through
    covalent bonding to reduce membrane biofouling, J. Membr.
    Sci., 441 (2013) 73–82. 
 
  -  L. Wang, R. Chen, Z.F. Ren, C.W. Ge, Z.X. Liu, S.J. He,
    Y.Q. Yu, C.Y. Wu, L.B. Luo, Plasmonic silver nanosphere
    enhanced ZnSe nanoribbon/Si heterojunction optoelectronic
    devices, Nanotechnology, 27 (2016) 215202. 
 
  -  H. Henglein, Colloidal silver nanoparticles: photochemical
    preparation and interaction with O2, CCl4, and some metal ions,
  Chem. Mater., 10 (1998) 444–450. 
 
  -  M. Abdel-Hameed, M.M.A. ElFadl, M.E. Ali, Y.H. Kotp,
    H.A. Shawky, Effect of manufacture conditions on reverse
    osmosis desalination performance of polyamide thin film composite
    membrane and their spiral wound element, Desal. Water
    Treat., 69 (2017) 65–71. 
 
  -  S. Mandal, S. Phadtare, M. Sastry, Interfacing biology with
    nanoparticle, Curr. Appl. Phys., 5 (2005) 118–127. 
 
  -  E.M. Vrijenhoek, S. Hong, M. Elimelech, Influence of membrane
    surface properties on initial rate of colloidal fouling of reverse
    osmosis and nanofiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 188 (2001)
    115–128. 
 
  -  A.M. Adel, A.M. El-Shafei, A. Ibrahim, M. Al-Shemy, Extraction
    of oxidized nanocellulose from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) sheath fibers: influence of CI and CII polymorphs on the
    properties of chitosan/bionanocomposite films, Ind. Crops
    Prod., 124 (2018) 155–165. 
 
  -  A.M. Adel, A.A. Ibrahim, A.M. El-Shafei, M.T. Al-Shemy,
    Inclusion complex of clove oil with chitosan/β-cyclodextrin
    citrate/oxidized nanocellulose biocomposite for active food
    packaging, Food Packag. Shelf Life, 20 (2019) 100307. 
 
  -  A.M. El-Shafei, A.M. Adel, A.A. Ibrahim, M.T. Al-Shemy,
    Dual functional jute fabric biocomposite with chitosan and
    phosphorylated nano-cellulose (antimicrobial and thermal
    stability), Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 124 (2019) 733–741. 
 
  -  J. Zuo, Y. Wang, S.P. Sun, T.S. Chung, Molecular design of thin
    film composite (TFC) hollow fiber membranes for isopropanol
    dehydration via pervaporation, J. Membr. Sci., 405 (2012)
    123–133. 
 
  -  W. Shao, J.M. Wu, H. Liu, G.H. Dong, S.X. Wang, H.H. Min,
    M. Huang, Graphene oxide reinforced Ni-P coatings for
    bacterial adhesion inhibition, RSC Adv., 6 (2016) 46270–46277. 
 
  -  M.M. Said, A.H.M. El-Aassar, Y.H. Kotp, H.A. Shawky,
    M.S.A. Mottaleb, Performance assessment of prepared polyamide
    thin film composite membrane for desalination of saline
    groundwater at Mersa Alam-Ras Banas, Red Sea Coast, Egypt,
    Desal. Water Treat., 51 (2013) 4927–4937. 
 
  -  H.M. Aly, M.E. Moustafa, E.A. Abdelrahman, Influence of
    aluminum source on the synthesis of nanosized ZSM-5 zeolite,
    Der Chem. Sin., 4 (2013) 68–72. 
 
  -  E.A. Abdelrahman, R.M. Hegazey, Facile synthesis of HgO
    nanoparticles using hydrothermal method for efficient photocatalytic
    degradation of crystal violet dye under UV and sunlight
    irradiation, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 29 (2019) 346–358. 
 
  -  E.A. Abdelrahman, R.M. Hegazey, Exploitation of Egyptian
    insecticide cans in the fabrication of Si/Fe nanostructures and
    their chitosan polymer composites for the removal of Ni(II),
    Cu(II), and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions, Composites Part
    B, 166 (2019) 382–400. 
 
  -  S. Sridhar, T.M. Aminabhavi, S.J. Mayor, M. Ramakrishna,
    Permeation of carbon dioxide and methane gases through novel
    silver-incorporated thin film composite pebax membranes, Ind.
    Eng. Chem. Res., 46 (2007) 8144–8151. 
 
  -  M. Safarpour, A. Khataee, V. Vatanpour, Thin film nanocomposite
    reverse osmosis membrane modified by reduced graphene
    oxide/TiO2 with improved desalination performance, J. Membr.
    Sci., 489 (2015) 43–54. 
 
  -  L.N. Nthunya, L. Gutierrez, N. Khumalo, S. Derese,
    B.B. Mamba, A.R. Verliefde, S.D. Mhlanga, Superhydrophobic
    PVDF nanofibre membranes coated with an organic fouling
    resistant hydrophilic active layer for direct-contact membrane
    distillation, Colloids Surf., A, 575 (2019) 363–372. 
 
  -  D.S. Dlamini, B.B. Mamba, J. Li, The role of nanoparticles in the
    performance of nano-enabled composite membranes–a critical
    scientific perspective, Sci. Total Environ., 656 (2019) 723–731. 
 
  -  B.J. Trushinski, J.M. Dickson, T. Smyth, R.F. Chids, B.E. McCarry,
    Polysulfonamide thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes,
    J. Membr. Sci., 143 (1998) 181–188. 
 
  -  M. Khayet, J.I. Mengual, Effect of salt concentration during the
    treatment of humic acid solutions by membrane distillation,
    Desalination, 168 (2004) 373–381. 
 
  -  S.M. Ghiu, R.P. Carnahan, M. Barger, Mass transfer in RO
    TFC membranes-dependence on the salt physical and
    thermodynamic parameters, Desalination, 157 (2003) 385–393. 
 
  -  W. Lawler, Z. Bradford-Hartke, M.J. Cran, M. Duke, G. Leslie,
    B.P. Ladewig, P. Le-Clech, Towards new opportunities for reuse,
    recycling and disposal of used reverse osmosis membranes,
    Desalination, 299 (2012) 103–112. 
 
  -  M.K. da Silva, A. Ambrosi, G.M. dos Ramos, I.C. Tessaro,
    Rejuvenating polyamide reverse osmosis membranes by tannic
    acid treatment, Sep. Purif. Technol., 100 (2012) 1–8. 
 
  -  S.T. Mitrouli, A.J. Karabelas, N.P. Isaias, A.S. Al Rammah,
    Application of hydrophilic macromolecules on thin film
    composite polyamide membranes for performance restoration,
    Desalination, 278 (2011) 105–116. 
 
  -  E. Mohamedou, M.Y. Tang, A. Lebkiri, E. Rifi, S. de la Puente
    Gonzalez, D.B. Penate Suarez, O. Mahmoud, M. Fagel,
    P. Jaouen, M. Pontie, Autopsie d’une membrane d’osmose
    inverse usagée prélevée dans le Parc National du Banc d’Arguin
    (PNBA) en Mauritanie: cas d’étude de Teichitt, J. Water Sci.,
    23 (2010) 147–158. 
 
  -  E.O. Mohamedou, D.B. Penate Suarez, F. Vince, P. Jaouen,
    M. Pontie, New lives for old reverse osmosis (RO) membranes,
    Desalination, 253 (2010) 62–70. 
 
  -  K. Treffry-Goatley, C.A. Buckley, G.R. Groves, Reverse osmosis
    treatment and reuse of textile dyehouse effluents, Desalination,
    47 (1983) 313–320. 
 
  -  X. Shi, G. Tal, N.P. Hankins, V. Gitis, Fouling and cleaning of
    ultrafiltration membranes: a review, J. Water Process Eng.,
    1 (2014) 121–138. 
 
  -  J. Nikkola, X. Liu, Y. Li, M. Raulio, H.L. Alakomi, J. Wei,
    C.Y. Tang, Surface modification of thin film composite RO
    membrane for enhanced anti-biofouling performance, J. Membr.
  Sci., 444 (2013) 192–200.