References

  1. Y.Q. Wang, Z.L. Xu, N. Lior, H. Zeng, An experimental study of solar thermal vacuum membrane distillation desalination, Desal. Water Treat., 53 (2015) 887–897.
  2. J.H. Lienhard V, M.A. Antar, A. Bilton, J. Blanco, G. Zaragoza, Chapter 9 – Solar Desalination, In: Annual Review of Heat Transfer, Vol. 15, Begell House, Inc., New York, 2012, pp. 277–347.
  3. A. Essalhi, M. Khayet, Chapter 10 – Fundamentals of Membrane Distillation, A. Basile, A. Figoli, M. Khayet, Eds., Pervaporation, Vapour Permeation and Membrane Distillation: Principles and Applications, Elsevier (Imprint: Woodhead Publishing), ISBN: 9781782422464, 2015, pp. 277–316.
  4. S. Al-Obaidani, E. Curcio, F. Macedonio, G. Di Profio, H. Al-Hinai, E. Drioli, Potential of membrane distillation in seawater desalination: thermal efficiency, sensitivity study and cost estimation, J. Membr. Sci., 323 (2008) 85–98.
  5. K.W. Lawson, D.R. Lloyd, Membrane distillation, J. Membr. Sci., 124 (1997) 1–25.
  6. D. Winter, Membrane Distillation – A Thermodynamic, Technological and Economic Analysis, Dissertation at the University of Kaiserslautern 2014, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, 2015.
  7. J.A. Andrés-Mañas, A. Ruiz-Aguirre, F.G. Acién, G. Zaragoza, Assessment of a pilot system for seawater desalination based on vacuum multi-effect membrane distillation with enhanced heat recovery, Desalination, 443 (2018) 110–121.
  8. A.E. Kabeel, M. Abdelgaied, E.M.S. El-Said, Study of a solardriven membrane distillation system: evaporative cooling effect on performance enhancement, Renewable Energy, 106 (2017) 192–200.
  9. A. Chafidz, E.D. Kerme, I. Wazeer, Y. Khalid, A. Ajbar, S.M. Al-Zahrani, Design and fabrication of a portable and hybrid solar-powered membrane distillation system, J. Cleaner Prod., 133 (2016) 631–647.
  10. H.E.S. Fath, S.M. Elsherbiny, A.A. Hassan, M. Rommel, M. Wieghaus, J. Koschikowski, M. Vatansever, PV and thermally driven small-scale, stand-alone solar desalination systems with very low maintenance needs, Desalination, 225 (2008) 58–69.
  11. A.S. Hassan, H.E.S. Fath, Review and assessment of the newly developed MD for desalination processes, Desal. Water Treat., 51 (2013) 574–585.
  12. F. Banat, N. Jwaied, M. Rommel, J. Koschikowski, M. Wieghaus, Desalination by a “compact SMADES” autonomous solar powered membrane distillation unit, Desalination, 217 (2007) 29–37.
  13. F. Banat, N. Jwaied, M. Rommel, J. Koschikowski, M. Wieghaus, Performance evaluation of the “large SMADES” autonomous desalination solar-driven membrane distillation plant in Aqaba, Jordan, Desalination, 217 (2007) 17–28.
  14. N.C. Barford, Experimental Measurements: Precision, Error and Truth, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1990.
  15. R.J. Moffat, Describing the uncertainties in experimental results, Exp. Therm Fluid Sci., 1 (1988) 3–17.
  16. D. Winter, J. Koschikowski, M. Wieghaus, Desalination using membrane distillation: experimental studies on full scale spiral wound modules, J. Membr. Sci., 375 (2011) 104–112.