References

  1. X.Y. Wu, S.J. Cobbina, G.H. Mao, H. Xu, Z. Zhang, L.Q. Yang, A review of toxicity and mechanisms of individual and mixtures of heavy metals in the environment, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23 (2016) 8244–8259.
  2. C. Femina Carolin, P. Senthil Kumar, A. Saravanan, G. Janet Joshiba, Mu. Naushad, Efficient techniques for the removal of toxic heavy metals from aquatic environment: a review, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 5 (2017) 2782–2799.
  3. G. Saxena, D. Purchase, S.I. Mulla, G. Dattatraya Saratale, R.N. Bharagava, Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites: eco-environmental concerns, field studies, sustainability issues, and future prospects, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 249 (2020) 71–131.
  4. L.-J. Guo, C.-G. Niu, X.-Y. Wang, X.-J. Wen, G.-M. Zeng, DTC-GO as effective adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution, Water Air Soil Pollut., 227 (2016) 169, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2865-4.
  5. B. Abussaud, H.A. Asmaly, Ihsanullah, T.A. Saleh, V.K. Gupta, Taharlaoui, M. Ali Atieh, Sorption of phenol from waters on activated carbon impregnated with iron oxide, aluminum oxide and titanium oxide, J. Mol. Liq., 213 (2016) 351–359.
  6. Z.M. Liu, X. Li, P. Zhan, F.P. Hu, X. Ye, Removal of cadmium and copper from water by a magnetic adsorbent of PFM: adsorption performance and micro-structural morphology, Sep. Purif. Technol., 206 (2018) 199–207.
  7. R. Ahmad, A. Mirza, Inulin-folic acid/bentonite: a novel nanocomposite for confiscation of Cu(II) from synthetic and industrial wastewater, J. Mol. Liq., 241 (2017) 489–499.
  8. A.A. Najim, A.A. Mohammed, Biosorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution using mixed algae, Iraqi J. Chem. Petrol. Eng., 19 (2018) 1–11, doi: https://doi.org/10.31699/ IJCPE.2018.4.1.
  9. D. NguyenThanh, M. Singh, P. Ulbrich, F. Štěpánek, N. Strnadová, As(V) removal from aqueous media using α-MnO2 nanorods-impregnated laterite composite adsorbents, Mater. Res. Bull., 47 (2012) 42–50.
  10. R.S. Azis, M.M. Syazwan, N.M.M. Shahrani, A.N. Hapishah, R. Nazlan, F.M. Idris, I. Ismail, M.M.M. Zulkimi, I.R. Ibrahim, Z. Abbas, N.M. Saiden, Influence of sintering temperature on the structural, electrical and microwave properties of yttrium iron garnet (YIG), J. Mater. Sci. - Mater. Electron., 29 (2018) 8390–8401.
  11. N.M. Mohd Shahrani, R. Syahidah Azis, M. Hashim, J. Hassan, Z. Azmi, N. Daud, Effect of variation sintering temperature on magnetic permeability and grain sizes of Y3Fe5O12 via mechanical alloying technique, Mater. Sci. Forum, 846 (2016) 395–402.
  12. N. Daud, R. Syahidah Azis, M. Hashim, K.A. Matori, J. Hassan, N.M. Saiden, N.M.M. Shahrani, Preparation and characterization of Sr1−xNdxFe12O19 derived from steel-waste product via mechanical alloying, Mater. Sci. Forum, 846 (2016) 403–409.
  13. R. Syahidah Azis, M. Hashim, N.M. Saiden, N. Daud, N.M.M. Shahrani, Study the iron environments of the steel waste product and its possible potential applications in ferrites, Adv. Mater. Res., 1109 (2015) 295–299.
  14. K.D. Gong, Q. Hu, L. Yao, M. Li, D.Z. Sun, Q. Shao, B. Qiu, Z.H. Guo, Ultrasonic pretreated sludge derived stable magnetic active carbon for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 6 (2018) 7283–7291.
  15. R. Saravanan, M.M. Khan, V.K. Gupta, E. Mosquera, F. Gracia, V. Narayanan, A. Stephen, ZnO/Ag/CdO nanocomposite for visible light-induced photocatalytic degradation of industrial textile effluents, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 452 (2015) 126–133.
  16. R. Awual, Novel nanocomposite materials for efficient and selective mercury ions capturing from wastewater, Chem. Eng. J., 307 (2017) 456–465.
  17. S. Sulaiman, R.S. Azis, I. Ismail, H.C. Man, N.A.A. Nazri, Adsorption potential of magnetite nanoparticles for copper removal from aqueous solution, Int. J. Innovative Technol. Explor. Eng., 9 (2019) 5424–5429.
  18. Q. Li, C.W. Kartikowati, S. Horie, T. Ogi, T. Iwaki, K. Okuyama, Correlation between particle size/domain structure and magnetic properties of highly crystalline Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Sci. Rep., 7 (2017) 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017- 09897-5.
  19. M. Cabeza, I. Feijoo, P. Merino, G. Pena, M.C. Pérez, S. Cruz, P. Rey, Effect of high energy ball milling on the morphology, microstructure and properties of nano-sized TiC particlereinforced 6005A aluminium alloy matrix composite, Powder Technol., 321 (2017) 31–43.
  20. R. Nazlan, M. Hashim, I. Ismail, R.S. Azis, J. Hassan, Z. Abbas, F.M. Idris, I.R. Ibrahim, Compositional and frequency dependent-magnetic and microwave characteristics of indium substituted yttrium iron garnet, J. Mater. Sci. - Mater. Electron., 28 (2017) 3029–3041.
  21. D. Cao, H. Li, L.N. Pan, J.N. Li, X.C. Wang, P.P. Jing, X.H. Cheng, W.J. Wang, J.B. Wang, Q.F. Liu, High saturation magnetization of γ-Fe2O3 nano-particles by a facile one-step synthesis approach, Sci. Rep., 6 (2016) 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/ srep32360.
  22. A.A. Alqadami, Mu. Naushad, M.A. Abdalla, T.A. Ahamad, Z.A. ALOthman, S.M. Alshehri, A.A. Ghfar, Efficient removal of toxic metal ions from wastewater using a recyclable nanocomposite: a study of adsorption parameters and interaction mechanism, J. Cleaner Prod., 156 (2017) 426–436.
  23. N.H. de Melo, M.E. de Oliveira Ferreira, E.M. Silva Neto, P.R. Martins, I.C. Ostroski, Evaluation of the adsorption process using activated bone char functionalized with magnetite nanoparticles, Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manage., 10 (2018) 427–434.
  24. D.D. Do, Adsorption Analysis: Equilibria and Kinetics, Imperial College Press, London, 1998, pp. 1–18.
  25. P. Klobes, R.G. Munro, Porosity and Specific Surface Area Measurements for Solid Materials, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD, 2006.
  26. R. Gnanasambandam, A. Proctor, Determination of pectin degree of esterification by diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Food Chem., 68 (2000) 327–332.
  27. S.L. Iconaru, R. Guégan, C.L. Popa, M. Motelica-Heino, C.S. Ciobanu, D. Predoi, Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles as adsorbents for As and Cu removal, Appl. Clay Sci., 134 (2016) 128–135.
  28. R. Ahmad, R. Kumar, S. Haseeb, Adsorption of Cu2+ from aqueous solution onto iron oxide coated eggshell powder: evaluation of equilibrium, isotherms, kinetics, and regeneration capacity, Arabian J. Chem., 5 (2012) 353–359.
  29. H. Shahbeig, N. Bagheri, S.A. Ghorbanian, A. Hallajisani, S. Poorkarimi, A new adsorption isotherm model of aqueous solutions on granular activated carbon, World J. Model. Simul., 9 (2013) 243–254.
  30. C.-H. Weng, Y.-C. Wu, Potential low-cost biosorbent for copper removal: pineapple leaf powder, J. Environ. Eng., 138 (2012) 286–292.
  31. Y.S. Bulut, Z. Tez, Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by sawdust adsorption, J. Environ. Sci., 19 (2007) 160–166.
  32. M. Erdemoğlu, M. Sarıkaya, Effects of heavy metals and oxalate on the zeta potential of magnetite, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 300 (2006) 795–804.
  33. Y. Liu, L. Chen, Y.Y. Yang, M.D. Li, Y.Y. Li, Y.H. Dong, The efficient removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions by Fe3O4@hexadecyl trimethoxysilane@chitosan composites, J. Mol. Liq., 219 (2016) 341–349.
  34. A. Bajpai, M. Sharma, L. Gond, Nanocomposites for Environmental Pollution Remediation, Inamuddin, S. Thomas, R. Kumar Mishra, A.M. Asiri, Eds., Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites, Springer Nature, Switzerland, 2019, pp. 1407–1440.
  35. X.J. Hu, Y. Hu, G.H. Xu, M. Li, Y.T. Zhu, L. Jiang, Y.Z. Tu, X.Q. Zhu, X.C. Xie, A.M. Li, Green synthesis of a magnetic β-cyclodextrin polymer for rapid removal of organic micro-pollutants and heavy metals from dyeing wastewater, Environ. Res., 180 (2020) 108796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108796.
  36. S.S. Banerjee, D.-H. Chen, Fast removal of copper ions by gum arabic modified magnetic nano-adsorbent, J. Hazard. Mater., 147 (2007) 792–799.
  37. M. Farrokhi, M. Naimi-Joubani, A. Dargahi, M. Poursadeghiyan, H.A. Jamali, Investigating activated sludge microbial population efficiency in heavy metals removal from compost leachate, Polish J. Environ. Stud., 27 (2018) 623–627.
  38. S.S. Bhargav, I. Prabha, Removal of arsenic and copper metals from contaminated water using iron(III) oxide nanoparticle, Int. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 3 (2013) 2248–9924.
  39. K.A. Al-Saad, M.A. Amr, D.T. Hadi, R.S. Arar, M.M. Al-Sulaiti, T.A. Abdulmalik, N.M. Alsahamary, S.H. Al-Yahri, Iron oxide nanoparticles: applicability for heavy metal removal from contaminated water, Arabian J. Nucl. Sci. Appl., 45 (2012) 335–346.
  40. H. Li, D.-L. Xiao, H. He, R. Lin, P.-L. Zuo, Adsorption behavior and adsorption mechanism of Cu(II) ions on aminofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 23 (2013) 2657–2665.
  41. Y.S. Ho, G. McKay, Pseudo-second-order model for sorption processes, Process Biochem., 34 (1999) 451–465.
  42. N.A.A. Nazri, R.S. Azis, H.C. Man, A.H. Shaari, N.M. Saiden, I. Ismail, Equilibrium studies and dynamic behaviour of cadmium adsorption by magnetite nanoparticles extracted from mill scales waste, Desal. Water Treat., 171 (2019) 115–131
  43. M. Jain, M. Yadav, T. Kohout, M. Lahtinen, V.K. Garg, M. Sillanpää, Development of iron oxide/activated carbon nanoparticle composite for the removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution, Water Resour. Ind., 20 (2018) 54–74.
  44. K. Sudha Rani, B. Srinivas, K. Gouru Naidu, K.V. Ramesh, Removal of copper by adsorption on treated laterite, Mater. Today: Proc., 5 (2018) 463–469.
  45. S. Ben-Ali, I. Jaouali, S. Souissi-Najar, A. Ouederni, Characterization and adsorption capacity of raw pomegranate peel biosorbent for copper removal, J. Cleaner Prod., 142 (2017) 3809–3821.
  46. Mu. Naushad, S. Vasudevan, G. Sharma, A. Kumar, Z.A. ALOthman, Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic studies for Hg2+ adsorption from aqueous medium using alizarin red-S-loaded amberlite IRA-400 resin, Desal. Water Treat., 57 (2016) 18551–18559.