References

  1. H. Nagaoka, S. Yamanishi and A. Miya, Modeling of biofouling by extracellular polymers in a membrane separation activated sludge system, Water Sci. Tech., 38(4–5) (1998) 497–504.
  2. I.S. Chang, P. Le Clech, B. Jefferson and S. Judd, Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment, J. Environ. Eng., 128(11) (2002) 1018–1029.
  3. I.S. Chang and C.H. Lee, Membrane filtration characteristics in membrane-coupled activated sludge system effect of physiological states of activated sludge on membrane fouling, Desalination, 120 (1998) 221–223.
  4. J. Cho, K.G. Song, H. Yun, K.H. Ahn, J.Y. Kim and T.H. Chung, Quantitative analysis of biological effect on membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactor, World Filtration Congress 9, New Orleans, USA, 2004, pp. 18–22.
  5. H.Y. Ng and S.W. Hermanowicz, Membrane bioreactor operation at short solids retention times: performance and biomass characteristics, Water Res., 39(6) (2005) 981–992.
  6. B.Q. Liao, D.G. Allen, I.G. Droppo, G.G. Leppard and S.N. Liss, Surface properties of sludge and their role in bioflocculation and settleability, Water Res., 35(2) (2001) 339–350.
  7. W. Lee, S. Kang and H. Shin, Sludge characteristics and their contribution to microfiltration in submerged membrane bioreactors, J. Membr. Sci., 216 (2003) 217–227.
  8. APHA, AWWA, WEF Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed., Washington, DC, 1998.
  9. X. Zhang, P.L. Bishop and M.J. Kupferle, Measurement of polysacchariders and proteins in biofilm extracellular polymers, Wat. Sci. Tech., 37(4–5) (1998) 345–348.
  10. B. Frolund, R. Palmgren, K. Keiding and P.H. Nielsen, Extraction of extracellular polymers from activated sludge using a cation exchange resin, Water Res., 30(8) (1996) 1749–1758.
  11. C. Nuengjamnong, J.H. Kweon, J. Cho, C. Polprasert and K.-H. Ahn, Membrane fouling caused by extracellular polymeric substances during microfiltration processes, Desalination, 179 (2005) 117–124.