References

  1. W. Sun, J. Nan, J. Xing, J. Tian, Identifying the major fluorescent components responsible for ultrafiltration membrane fouling in different water sources, J. Environ. Sci., 45 (2016) 215–223.
  2. L. Ao, W. Liu, L. Zhao, X. Wang, Membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of natural water after pretreatment to different extents, J. Environ. Sci., 43 (2016) 234–243.
  3. P. Xiao, F. Xiao, D.S. Wang, T. Qin, S.P. He, Investigation of organic foulants behaviour on hollow-fiber UF membranes in a drinking water treatment plant, Sep. Purif. Technol., 95 (2012) 109–117.
  4. Y. Ye, L.N. Sim, B. Herulah, V. Chen, A.G. Fane, Effects of operating conditions on submerged hollow fibre membrane systems used as pre-treatment for seawater reverse osmosis, J. Membr. Sci., 365 (2010) 78–88.
  5. K. Katsoufidou, S.G. Yiantsios, S.G. Karabelas, A study of ultrafiltration membrane fouling by humic acids and flux recovery by backwashing: experiments and modelling, J. Membr. Sci., 266 (2005) 40–50.
  6. A.W. Zularisam, A.F. Ismail, R. Salim, Behaviours of natural organic matter in membrane filtration for surface water treatment – a review, Desalination, 194 (2006) 211–231.
  7. R.K. Henderson, N. Subhi, A. Antony, S.J. Khan, K.R. Murphy, G.L. Leslie, V. Chen, R.M. Stuetz, P. Le-Clech, Evaluation of effluent organic matter fouling in ultrafiltration treatment using advanced organic characterisation techniques, J. Membr. Sci., 382 (2011) 50–59.
  8. N. Porcelli, S. Judd, Chemical cleaning of potable water membranes: a review, Sep. Purif. Technol., 71 (2010) 137–143.
  9. H. Chang, F. Qu, B. Liu, H. Yu, K. Li, S. Shao, G. Li, H. Liang, Hydraulic irreversibility of ultrafiltration membrane fouling by humic acid: effects of membrane properties and backwash water composition, J. Membr. Sci., 493 (2015) 723–733.
  10. K. Kimura, Y. Hane, Y. Watanabe, G. Amy, N. Ohkuma, Irreversible membrane fouling during ultrafiltration of surface water, Water Res., 38 (2004) 3431–3441.
  11. O. Gibert, B. Lefèvre, O. Ferrer, G. Prats, X. Bernat, M. Paraira, Composition and reversibility of fouling on low-pressure membranes in the filtration of coagulated water: insights into organic fractions behaviour, Desal. Wat. Treat., 57 (2016) 26313–26326.
  12. J.Y. Tian, M. Ernst, F. Cui, M. Jekel, Effect of different cations on UF membrane fouling by NOM fractions, Chem. Eng. J., 223 (2013) 547–555.
  13. N. Subhi, G. Leslie, V. Chen, P. Le-Clech, Organic fouling of ultrafiltration membrane: detailed characterization by liquid chromatography with organic carbon detector (LC-OCD), Sep. Sci. Technol., 48 (2013) 199–207.
  14. H. Yu, H. Liang, F. Qu, Z.S. Han, S. Shao, H. Chang, G. Li, Impact of dataset diversity on accuracy and sensitivity of parallel factor analysis model of dissolved organic matter fluorescence excitation-emission matrix, Sci. Rep., 5 (2015) 10207.
  15. K. Kimura, T. Maeda, H. Yamamura, Y. Watanabe, Irreversible membrane fouling in microfiltration membranes filtering coagulated surface water, J. Membr. Sci., 320 (2008) 356–362.
  16. I. Sutzkover-Gutman, D. Hasson, R. Semiat, Humic substances fouling in ultrafiltration processes, Desalination, 261 (2010) 218–231.
  17. J. Haberkamp, M. Ernst, H. Paar, D. Pallischeck, G. Amy, M. Jekel, Impact of organic fractions identified by SEC and fluorescence EEM on the hydraulic reversibility of ultrafiltration membrane fouling by secondary effluents, Desal. Wat. Treat., 29 (2011) 73–86.
  18. S. Peldszus, C. Hallé, R.H. Peiris, M. Hamouda, X. Jin, R.L. Legge, H. Budman, C. Moresoli, P.M. Huck, Reversible and irreversible low-pressure membrane foulants in drinking water treatment: identification by principal component analysis of fluorescent EEM and mitigation by biofiltration pretreatment, Water Res., 45 (2011) 5161–5170.
  19. J.Y. Tian, M. Ernst, F. Cui, M. Jekel, Correlations of relevant membrane foulants with UF membrane fouling in different waters, Water Res., 47 (2013) 1218–1228.
  20. D.C. Sioutopoulos, A.J. Karabelas, Correlation of organic fouling resistances in RO and UF membrane filtration under constant flux and constant pressure, J. Membr. Sci., 407–408 (2012) 34–46.
  21. R.H. Peiris, M. Jaklewicz, H. Budman, R.L. Legge, C. Moresoli, Assessing the role of feed water constituents in irreversible membrane fouling of pilot-scale ultrafiltration drinking water treatment systems, Water Res., 47 (2013) 3364–3374.
  22. R.H. Peiris, M. Jaklewicz, H. Budman, R.L. Legge, C. Moresoli, Characterization of hydraulically reversible and irreversible fouling species in ultrafiltration drinking water treatment systems using fluorescence EEM and LC–OCD measurements, Water Sci. Technol., 13 (2013) 1220–1227.
  23. K.J. Hwang, P.Y. Sz, Membrane fouling mechanism and concentration effect in cross-flow microfiltration of BSA/dextran mixtures, Chem. Eng. J., 166 (2011) 669–677.
  24. S.A. Huber, A. Balz, M. Abert, W. Pronk, Characterisation of aquatic humic and non-humic matter with size-exclusion chromatography – organic carbon detection – organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND), Water Res., 45 (2011) 879–885.
  25. W. Chen, P. Westerhoff, J.A. Leenheer, K. Booksh, Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37 (2003) 5701–5710.
  26. C.M. Andersen, R. Bro, Practical aspects of PARAFAC modeling of fluorescence excitation-emission data, J. Chemom., 17 (2003) 200–215.
  27. K.R. Murphy, C.A. Stedmon, P. Wenig, R. Bro, OpenFluor – an online spectral library of auto-fluorescence by organic compounds in the environment, Anal. Methods, 6 (2014) 658–661.
  28. O. Gibert, B. Lefèvre, A. Teuler, X. Bernat, J. Tobella, Distribution of dissolved organic matter fractions along several stages of a drinking water treatment plant, J. Water Process Eng., 6 (2015) 64–71.
  29. M. Peter-Varbanets, J. Margot, J. Traber, W. Pronk, Mechanisms of membrane fouling during ultra-low pressure ultrafiltration, J. Membr. Sci., 377 (2011) 42–53.
  30. R.K. Henderson, R.M. Stuetz, S.J. Khan, Demonstrating ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis performance using size exclusion chromatography, Water Sci. Technol., 62 (2010) 2747–2753.
  31. H.E. Wray, R.C. Andrews, Optimization of coagulant dose for biopolymer removal: Impact on ultrafiltration fouling and retention of organic micropollutants, J. Water Process Eng., 1 (2014) 74–83.
  32. F. Chen, S. Peldszus, R.H. Peiris, A.S. Ruhl, R. Mehrez, M. Jekel, R.L. Legge, P.M. Huck, Pilot-scale investigation of drinking water ultrafiltration membrane fouling rates using advanced data analysis techniques, Water Res., 48 (2014) 508–518.
  33. N. Lee, G. Amy, J.P. Croué, H. Buisson, Identification and understanding of fouling in low-pressure membrane (MF/ UF) filtration by natural organic matter (NOM), Water Res., 38 (2004) 4511–4523.
  34. M. Vera, J. Martín-Alonso, J. Mesa, M. Granados, J.L. Beltran, S. Casas, O. Gibert, J.L. Cortina, Monitoring UF membrane performance treating surface-groundwater blends: limitations of FEEM-PARAFAC on the assessment of the organic matter role, Chem. Eng. J., 317 (2017) 961–971.
  35. S.A. Baghoth, S.K. Sharma, M. Guitard, V. Heim, J.-P. Croué, G.L. Amy, Removal of NOM-constituents as characterized by LC-OCD and F-EEM during drinking water treatment, J. Water Supply Res. Technol., 60 (2011) 412–424.
  36. K.R. Murphy, A. Hambly, S. Singh, R.K. Henderson, A. Baker, R. Stuetz, S.J. Khan, Organic matter fluorescence in municipal water recycling schemes: toward a unified PARAFAC model, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45 (2011) 2909–2916.
  37. Y. Shutova, A. Baker, J. Bridgeman, R.K. Henderson, Spectroscopic characterisation of dissolved organic matter changes in drinking water treatment: from PARAFAC analysis to online monitoring wavelengths, Water Res., 54 (2014) 159–169.